DANDI:001048

All thresholds to elicit 5 APs were expectedly higher than those for 1 AP

Results, Excitation thresholds are similar or lower for pure 2- and 20-kHz sine waves than those for modulated sine waves, paragraph 1; Figure 2D

Under the crop ROI the mean 5-AP threshold is above the mean 1-AP threshold for all four stimuli in all four F0 and O3 readings (F0 a, O3 a - 5.00 against 4.22 V pure 2 kHz, 6.15 against 5.38 modulated 2 kHz, 13.55 against 9.85 pure 20 kHz, 17.20 against 14.00 modulated 20 kHz, with 2 of 3 modulated 20-kHz neurons reaching 5 APs). Under the Otsu ROIs at most 1 neuron reaches 5 APs with modulated waves, so those comparisons cannot be made, and under ROI b with O3 a the 5-AP mean is below the 1-AP mean for pure 2 kHz (4.65 against 4.85 V, over 4 and 22 neurons) and pure 20 kHz (12.00 against 12.33 V, over 1 and 9). The means are over different numbers of neurons; within a neuron the 5-AP threshold cannot be below the 1-AP one.

How the test differed from the paper’s method

• The crop ROI is assumed, as for ap-selection; the Otsu readings give a different outcome.

single APs emerged near the peak of each beat, so the firing rate equaled the modulation rate ... At the highest field strengths, each beat could elicit a pair of APs, so the maximum number of APs evoked by five beats was limited to ten. Unlike pure sine waves, modulated stimuli did not trigger sustained firing or sustained depolarization

Results, Stimulation by 2- and 20-kHz sinusoids modulated at 20 Hz, paragraph 1; Figures 2A and 2B

No modulated session has more than 10 APs (at most 8, of 84). In the 16 sessions with at least 5 APs (ROI c), 96.4 % of APs fall within 12.5 ms of beat peaks 25 ms into each beat (envelope reading a) and 3.6 % under reading b; the APs lock to 26.6 ms of the 50-ms beat (vector strength 0.735, Rayleigh p = 2.0e-20), at both carriers. Under O4 b no session shows sustained depolarization; under O4 a one does under the crop ROI (001032/2_1 at 11 V, 3 APs, none in its last 100 ms, a session cut at 291 ms), none under the Otsu ROIs. Its last-100-ms mean dF is 5.96 %, above the O4 a level (4.72 %) and 0.14 % below the O4 b level (6.10 %, half its median AP height of 12.20 %), so the outcome rests on O4 b by a small margin in one session. It is the only modulated session with a last-100-ms mean dF above 5 %. Under the Otsu ROIs at most one session reaches 5 APs, so the locking is shown under the crop ROI.

How the test differed from the paper’s method

• The files hold no stimulus waveform. The envelope is assumed to start at minimal amplitude (reading a), as the paper's Methods say of the modulated strobe waves ("the first and the last sine wave cycles (when its amplitude was minimal)"); under reading b the APs would sit at the envelope's minima, where the field is near zero. Reading b fails.
• The O4 level is assumed to be half the neuron's median AP height (reading b), as the paper describes the sustained depolarization as APs that "merge into sustained depolarization" (Summary), a level of the order of the APs themselves; under reading a (5 SD of the pre-onset noise) one of 84 sessions, cut short by the end of its recording, passes it. The choice was made after the first run showed that session. It is the assumed reading wherever O4 decides, and it decides only this claim - fig1-excitation-block, fig3c-sustained-firing-2s and figs2-ttx-blocks-depolarization give the same outcome under both levels.
• The crop ROI is assumed, as for ap-selection.

When modulated and unmodulated sine waves of the same carrier frequency were tested in the same cell, the threshold was typically lower for unmodulated signals ( Figures 2A - 2C ). At the same field strengths, pure sine waves triggered a larger number of APs

Results, Stimulation by 2- and 20-kHz sinusoids modulated at 20 Hz, paragraph 2; Figures 2A to 2C

Under the crop ROI pure waves gave more APs than modulated ones at the same carrier and voltage in 44 of 52 pairs against 2 (mean difference 3.35 APs, paired p = 1.2e-08), and the pure 1-AP threshold was lower in 14 of 15 neurons (higher in none). Both parts hold in 11 of the 12 readings; under ROI b with F0 b and O3 b the counts favour pure waves (9 pairs against 6) but of the 3 neurons with both thresholds the pure one is lower in none and higher in 1.

How the test differed from the paper’s method

• The crop ROI is assumed, as for ap-selection; one Otsu reading gives a different outcome.

we selected neurons whose APs peaked at a more than 5% Δ F and lasted about 10 ms (typical values ... 11.3% ± 0.9% Δ F and 8 ± 0.7 ms duration, excluding afterhyperpolarization; mean ± SEM, n = 22)

Methods, Recording of the optical APs and data analyses

Over 39 neurons of 001032, 001033 and 001035 (ROI c, F0 a, O3 a, every AP, width at half height), the mean AP peak is 10.53 +- 0.38 % dF and the duration 3.70 +- 0.18 ms. Under the crop ROI the peak is within 11.3 +- 0.9 in 12 of 16 readings (10.27 to 11.46 %); the duration is in range under none (half width 3.11 to 3.71 ms, rise to return 17.31 to 24.14 ms). Under ROI a the peak is within the SEM in all 16 readings (11.01 to 11.56 %) and the duration in none. Under ROI b the peak is 12.68 to 14.67 %, outside it, and three readings give a rise-to-return duration in range (7.32 to 8.57 ms). The peak holds under the crop ROI in 12 of 16 readings (it fails in the four that measure every AP with O3 b, 10.27 to 10.41 %) and under ROI a in all 16; the duration holds under no reading in which the peak holds. The paper does not say which 22 neurons were measured; 39 are deposited.

How the test differed from the paper’s method

• The soma ROI is the 16 x 16 pixel crop the depositors cut around the soma (reading c), adopted as the paper's "emission intensity over the entire cell soma" (Methods, Recording of the optical APs) because the crop is the dataset's own soma region and the claims file says ROIs are taken from the dataset when it holds them (O1). The claims file's Otsu readings (a, b) give masks of a median 35 and 10 pixels, some of 1 to 3, with about twice the noise; they are shown. Where the ROI readings disagree the claims file's header would block the claim; under protocol step 1.6 the crop is adopted as an assumption.
• APs are detected by the claims file's rule (O3), with the width at half height required to be 2 to 20 ms both at half the peak's dF and at half its prominence (an assumption; each measure alone fails on these traces, and both are shown as variants). The paper identified APs by eye.

Pure sine waves at 2 and even 20 kHz excited 100% of neurons ... at near-threshold electric field strengths, isolated APs emerged with a delay of 100–200 ms after the sine wave onset ... Increasing the field strength reduced this delay and evoked sustained firing ... The maximum firing rate increased linearly until reaching a ceiling of 60–90 Hz

Results, Stimulation by 2- and 20-kHz unmodulated sine waves, paragraph 2; Figures 1A to 1C and inset

Under the crop ROI unmodulated waves excited 27 of 28 neurons at 2 kHz (96.4 %) and 15 of 17 at 20 kHz (88.2 % with O3 a, given as measured; 94.1 % with O3 b), and the first-AP latency fell with voltage in 34 of 37 neuron-frequencies (Spearman rho below 0). Under every reading the median latency at threshold is 59.8 to 88.4 ms, below 90 to 220 ms, and the median highest maximum firing rate is 22.6 to 42.3 Hz, with 9.1 to 31.0 % of neurons in 54 to 99 Hz, so neither ceiling reading holds. Per frequency (ROI c) the median latency at threshold is 59 ms at 2 kHz and 124 ms at 20 kHz. Two of the 42 latencies at threshold are under 5 ms (median 63.9 ms without them); such early APs are not onset artefacts, since the same stimulus under TTX gives no transient above 5 % in the first 10 ms in any of 71 sessions (145 of 211 without TTX). Under the Otsu ROIs 39.3 to 85.7 % of neurons are excited at 2 kHz. Below each neuron's highest rate the rate rises with voltage (slope positive in 23 of 23 neurons, median 12.3 Hz per V; not deciding).

How the test differed from the paper’s method

• Fields are the labelled generator voltages (see fig2d-modulated-thresholds-higher); the claim uses only their order.
• The excitation part depends on the ROI (90 % or more under the crop ROI with O3 b only); the crop ROI is assumed, as for ap-selection. The latency and ceiling parts fail under every reading.

thresholds for modulated sine waves, which emulate the TI stimulus at the target, were significantly higher than those for pure sine waves at the same frequency (for 2 kHz, 5 APs ... p = 0.0079; for 20 kHz, 1 and 5 APs, respectively ... p = 0.0142 and p = 0.0037). Thus, modulated sine waves were equally or less efficient than pure ones at eliciting APs

Results, Excitation thresholds are similar or lower for pure 2- and 20-kHz sine waves than those for modulated sine waves, paragraph 1; Figure 2D and legend; Results, Asymmetric and less-efficient membrane charging by sine waves compared to pulses, last paragraph

What the paper reports

• modulated against unmodulated, 2 kHz, 5 APs: two-tailed unpaired t test, p = 0.0079
• modulated against unmodulated, 20 kHz, 1 AP: two-tailed unpaired t test, p = 0.0142
• modulated against unmodulated, 20 kHz, 5 APs: two-tailed unpaired t test, p = 0.0037

Under the crop ROI modulated thresholds are higher than unmodulated ones in every comparison, but only one of the paper's three significant differences is significant - 20 kHz with 1 AP, p = 0.034 under O3 a (0.10 under O3 b), with 3 modulated neurons; 20 kHz with 5 APs p = 0.13 (2 neurons), 2 kHz with 5 APs p = 0.12 (paper 0.0079). 2 kHz with 1 AP does not differ the other way (p = 0.056, modulated higher). Paired, the 2-kHz 1-AP threshold is higher with modulation in 11 of 12 neurons (p = 7.9e-05). With O3 b none of the three tests reaches p < 0.05 even under the crop ROI, the direction still holding in all four comparisons. Under the Otsu ROIs no test reaches p < 0.05, and under ROI b with O3 a the 20-kHz 1-AP mean is lower with modulation (12.00 against 12.33 V, p = 0.86). With the first round's detector the 20-kHz tests give p = 0.021 and 0.031 and the 2-kHz 5-AP test 0.09. The mean unmodulated 2-kHz threshold is 4.22 V peak to peak, 76.0 V/cm (1 AP, given as measured) or 90.1 V/cm (5 APs) with 36 V/cm per volt of amplitude, and twice that per volt peak to peak; none is within 57.7 +- 3.6, but the files say the labels are not the delivered amplitude and the calibration is not deposited, so this part cannot be judged. The direction holds; the significance holds in one of three tests.

How the test differed from the paper’s method

• The conversion of labelled volts to V/cm is not settled by the files ("1V translates into 36 V/cm" with the voltage labelled peak to peak); both readings are run. The files also say the labels are not the delivered amplitude.
• The crop ROI is assumed, as for ap-selection. The one significant test needs the crop ROI with O3 a (p = 0.034; 0.10 with O3 b); under the Otsu ROIs no test is significant and one direction reverses.

we observed sustained firing for the entire duration of the sine wave ( Figure 3C ). The rate of firing increased with the electric field strength until it was replaced by a firing block and sustained depolarization. The block had already developed before the end of the 250-ms ramp-up period

Results, Decreased extracellular conductivity lowers excitation thresholds, paragraph 4; Figure 3C

In all four neurons of 001030 (ROI c, bleaching-corrected) some voltage gives APs in the last 250 ms of the 2-s wave and the AP count rises with voltage up to a point. No neuron under any reading shows the block at the highest voltage (no AP after 275 ms with a raised dF). c7 at 2.3 V comes close - 7 APs in the ramp and one after 275 ms (at 1,964 ms, 8.0 % high, prominence 4.4 %) on a mean dF of 6.72 %; the first round's detector counted 11 there (prominences 2.7 to 6.4 %). c8 at 2.0 V keeps 6 APs after 275 ms (prominence 4.1 to 7.2 %) on 3.63 %. At the top voltage the count falls (c7 88 to 8, c8 46 to 8). Two c5 sessions end at 1,914 ms.

How the test differed from the paper’s method

• Bleaching is corrected by subtracting a trace without APs (Methods, F2). The only such trace in 001030 is c7 at 1.0 V, so it is subtracted from every session; uncorrected traces are a variant.
• Figure 3C shows one neuron; the criterion is taken to hold when one neuron meets all three parts.

Experiments were performed on eight neurons using different electric field strengths tested in a random sequence ... Stimulation near the threshold elicited one or a few delayed APs. Increasing the electric field strength reduced the delay and induced sustained firing that culminated in sustained depolarization. Overall, stimulation effects were not different from those observed with FluoVolt dye

Results, Sensitivity to unmodulated sine waves was not caused by FluoVolt dye, paragraph 2; Figure S1

001272 holds 3 Di-8-ANEPPS neurons, not 8. The inverted APs are small (median 4.2 % dF, 13 % above 5 %), so O3 b alone applies, as the claims file says. Under the crop ROI with O3 b, most of the 3 neurons show one to three APs at their lowest voltage with APs (3 with F0 a, 2 with F0 b), a latency that falls with voltage (2 of 3, with rho -0.03 and -0.69; -0.12 and -0.76 with F0 b) and sustained firing or depolarization above it (3 of 3). Under the Otsu ROIs with O3 b the latency falls in at most 1 of 3 and one or two neurons have no AP. The behaviour holds in the deposited neurons under the crop ROI; the count of eight does not.

How the test differed from the paper’s method

• Only 3 of the paper's 8 neurons are deposited.
• The crop ROI is assumed, as for ap-selection; the Otsu readings give a different outcome.

the inhibition of sodium channels with 1 μM tetrodotoxin not only abolished the APs but also fully blocked the sustained depolarization

Results, Tetrodotoxin blocks sustained depolarization, paragraph 1; Figure S2 legend

Under the crop ROI all 6 TTX neurons had APs before TTX at the voltages also tested after it and none responded after (no AP, no sustained depolarization); after TTX the mean dF in the last 100 ms stays at or below 0.42 %. In 5 of 6 (3 or 4 with F0 b) every session before TTX responded; in 001271/14_20240731 one of 8 did not. Sustained depolarization before TTX occurred only in that neuron (2 sessions; median last-100-ms dF 5.08 and 5.18 % at 4.5 and 5 V before, -0.46 and -0.66 % after), so its abolition rests on one neuron. 11 of 13 vehicle neurons responded at every common voltage after the pause, all 13 at some. The two that did not at every voltage are 001271/4_20240730 (2 of 3), whose longest pause is 73 s, so no change of solution can be placed, and 001271/5_20240801 (5 of 7). The split pause is about 300 s in most vehicle neurons, 167 s in 001271/13_20240731, 73 s in 001271/4_20240730 and 35 s in 001271/17_20240801 (no common voltage). Under the Otsu ROIs at most 1 of 6 TTX neurons responds at every voltage before TTX.

How the test differed from the paper’s method

• Vehicle neurons carry no mark of when the vehicle was applied; the split is assumed at the longest pause between sessions (about 300 s in most, the Figure S2 legend's "about 5 min").
• The crop ROI is assumed, as for ap-selection.

At the highest field strengths, multiple APs coalesced into low-amplitude oscillations on top of a continuous depolarization. These oscillations could flatten after several cycles, leaving the membrane depolarized for the rest of the sine wave ... The sustained depolarization induced by intense unmodulated sine waves ( Figures 1 and 3 ) was immediately reversible upon stimulus cessation

Results, Stimulation by 2- and 20-kHz unmodulated sine waves, paragraph 2; Results, Tetrodotoxin blocks sustained depolarization, paragraph 1; Figure 1

Of the 12 to 14 neuron-frequencies tested above the voltage of their highest firing rate (ROI c), none shows sustained depolarization (O4, either level) at its highest voltage; under ROI a 2 of 12 to 15 do (one of them falling below the O4 level in the 50 ms after the stimulus), and under ROI b 1 of 4 to 13 (O4 b only). Most neurons still fire in the last 100 ms at their highest voltage. Two sessions at any voltage meet O4 a under the crop ROI (001032/12_1 at 15 V, with no AP and 9.82 % mean dF in the last 100 ms, and 001033/3_2 at 9 V), and the mean dF in the last 100 ms rises with voltage (rho median 0.93, positive in 42 of 45), so a depolarization builds up, but the block is rare. 001032/12_1 at 15 V stays depolarized after the stimulus (7.87 % over 50 ms), against the claim's immediate reversal. 38 sessions of 900 frames end at 291 ms, before the stimulus. The outcome is the same under the first round's detector and with the width at half the dF only (0 of 11 to 22).

How the test differed from the paper’s method

• Traces are not corrected for bleaching, as the claims file says (F2, only the 2-s traces were); the mean dF in the 50 ms after the stimulus is mostly below 0, so the late dF is biased down by up to a few percent, against finding the block.

All thresholds at 20 kHz were about 2-fold higher than at 2 kHz ( p < 0.0001, two-tailed unpaired t test)

Results, Excitation thresholds are similar or lower for pure 2- and 20-kHz sine waves than those for modulated sine waves, paragraph 1; Figure 2D

What the paper reports

• 20 kHz against 2 kHz thresholds: two-tailed unpaired t test, p < 10⁻⁴

The claim is a ratio of fields in V/cm at 20 and 2 kHz. The files give labelled generator voltages and say the delivered amplitude differs from the label by frequency-dependent calibration factors "reported separately", which are in none of the dandisets, so the ratio cannot be formed. Not deciding - in labelled volts the 20-kHz thresholds are higher in every reading (pooled p 2.5e-06 to 2.2e-24; under the crop ROI the unmodulated tests reach p 5.1e-10 to 8.2e-10 for 1 AP and 1.9e-12 to 4.1e-12 for 5 APs), and the ratios of the means are 2.33 to 2.80 under the crop ROI (2.04 to 3.52 over all readings), outside 2 +- 0.2. Within the 11 neurons tested at both frequencies the median ratio is 3.36. The 20-kHz modulated group has 3 neurons. Recorded as partially reproduced in the first round; blocked after the verifier's round 1.

the maximum theoretical temperature rise (assuming no heat dissipation 43 ) was 2.5°C after 250 ms of near-threshold stimulation at 2 kHz, 63 V/cm, in the NaCl-based solution ( Figure 3A ). The same stimulation in the low-conductance solution elicited sustained neuron firing while the temperature rise would not exceed 1.24°C ... 81 V/cm in the NaCl solution, which would heat by 4.1°C in the adiabatic conditions. These observations prove that excitation by pure sine waves was not caused by heating

Results, Decreased extracellular conductivity lowers excitation thresholds, paragraph 3; Figure 3A

With water's heat capacity (4.18 J per cm3 per K), 63 V/cm in NaCl gives 3.89 C (peak field) or 1.95 C (RMS), neither 2.5 C; 63 V/cm in NaGlu 1.99 or 1.00 C (paper 1.24); 81 V/cm in NaCl 6.44 or 3.22 C (paper 4.1). Both ratios follow the formula (81/63 squared 1.653 against the paper's 1.640, 0.8 % apart; 8.4/16.4 0.512 against 0.496, 3.3 % apart), so by the criterion the claim is blocked. 2.5 C needs a heat capacity of 6.51 J per cm3 per K with the peak field or 3.25 with the RMS field. The Figure 3A neuron is not deposited. Question for the authors - which field (peak or RMS) and heat capacity give 2.5 C.

The time constants pooled together for all cells averaged 0.7 ± 0.08 (charging) and 0.91 ± 0.08 (discharging) μs for the cathodic cell pole and 0.65 ± 0.05 and 0.8 ± 0.07 μs for the anodic pole, respectively (mean ± SEM, n = 19)

Results, Kinetics of membrane charging by pulsed electric fields, the paragraph after the Figure 4 legend; Figures 4D and 4E

The claim is a mean over the paper's 19 experiments in hand-drawn ROIs. 001273 holds no ROIs and does not say which of its 22 groups are the 19 experiments; its groups were run at 40 to 130 V, whose session descriptions give measured amplitudes of 25 to 102 V, where the paper gives 140 V/cm for all. Not deciding - with 12 x 12 pixel boxes at the extremes of the smoothed ratio image, the means over the 22 groups (scaled, free discharging amplitude) are 1.10 +- 0.39 and 1.49 +- 0.18 us (cathodic charging and discharging) and 3.92 +- 1.53 and 1.45 +- 0.23 us (anodic); no selection, scaling or fit puts any of the four within the paper's SEM, 16 of 176 charging fits end at the 20-us bound, and the medians are 0.37 to 0.49 (cathodic) and 0.57 to 1.02 us (anodic) for charging and 0.81 to 1.79 us for discharging. Recorded as not reproduced in the first round; blocked after the verifier's round 1, as the time constants depend on ROIs and a selection the dandiset does not give.

The electric field sensitivity of FluoVolt ranged between a 15% and 47% change per 1 kV/cm, with an average value of 28% ± 2.5% across all ROIs in all the cells ... The regression coefficient, which was the FluoVolt sensitivity to sine waves, varied from 1.5% to 28.4% ( Figure 6C ). All numbers were invariably smaller than those measured for the same ROIs with the pulse ( Figure 6D ). The electric field sensitivity averaged across all ROIs in all the cells was 11.8% ± 1.7% per 1 kV/cm, just 42% of the value for the 2-μs pulses

Results, Asymmetric and less-efficient membrane charging by sine waves compared to pulses, paragraphs 5 and 6; Figures 6B to 6D

Six of the criterion's seven parts are values (means, ranges, ratio, the count of cells with p below 0.0001) measured in the paper's hand-drawn ROIs on the paper's nine cells, and the dandiset holds neither the ROIs nor the cell labels; the sensitivities are also divided by the paper's nominal fields, scaled by generator voltage, as 001274 gives no measured amplitudes. Not deciding - sine sensitivity is below pulse sensitivity in all 18 ROIs of the nine cells under the signed regression (15 of 18 under the per-cycle reading). With the 12 x 12 boxes the values are lower than the paper's - pulse 17.4 % per kV/cm (3.14 to 29.2; paper 28, 15 to 47), sine 5.55 % (0.04 to 14.8; paper 11.8, 1.5 to 28.4), ratio 32 % (paper 42 %) - and the regression reaches p < 0.0001 in both ROIs in 4 cells, not 8 (scaled, span 2 ms, signed regression, given as measured). These values depend on the ROIs, which the paper drew by hand and the dandiset does not hold - with 6 x 6 and 20 x 20 boxes at the same centres the pulse mean is 16.9 and 13.3 %, the sine mean 5.96 and 4.98 %, the ratio 35.2 and 37.6 %, 1 and 4 cells reach p < 0.0001 in both ROIs, and the sine value is below the pulse in 17 and 18 of 18 ROIs - and the nine cells are inferred, so the sizes cannot be judged, as for fig4-pooled-time-constants. The fitted carrier phases lie at -1.8 to -3.1 rad (ROI 1, all 9 cells) and 0.1 to 0.9 rad (ROI 2, 7 cells), near antiphase in those 7; 4_20240523 is nearly in phase (-2.70 and -2.13 rad) and 2_20240523 in quadrature (-3.14 and 1.56 rad). At the fitted phase the sine sensitivity averages 6.4 to 6.5 % (ratio 37 %), below the pulse in 18 of 18 ROIs. The pulse starts at frame 20, as the file description says (the binned pulse dF). The direction holds in every ROI under the signed regression, at the fitted phase and under every box size but the smallest (17 of 18), and in 15 of 18 under the per-cycle reading; it is the only part that does not rest on the paper's ROIs, and as it fails under the per-cycle reading it cannot carry the claim under a criterion that asks for every part under every reading. Under the per-cycle reading no cell reaches p < 0.0001 in both ROIs. With the full peak-to-peak amplitude, as the criterion names it, the per-cycle sine mean is 13.7 to 16.2 %, the ratio 79 to 93 %, and the sine value is below the pulse in 12 or 13 of 18 ROIs. Recorded as partially reproduced in rounds 1 and 2; blocked after the verifier's round 3, as for fig4-pooled-time-constants.

How the test differed from the paper’s method

• ROIs are 12 x 12 pixel boxes centred on the extremes of the paper's RATIO image inside the cell; the paper drew ROIs by hand over the most polarized regions, with no size given. This is an assumption, and the sensitivities depend on it; 6 x 6 and 20 x 20 boxes are shown as a variant.
• No debris ROI is marked; frames are scaled to the image median (reading a) or not scaled (b).
• The nine cells are those of 001274 with a pulse and 100-Hz modulated waves without TTX; the files do not label them C1 to C9.
• Fields are the paper's 257 V/cm (pulse) and 136 V/cm peak (sine), scaled by the generator voltage for the two cells run at 5 V (sine) and 15 V (pulse), as 001274 gives no measured amplitudes; the carrier phase is taken as zero at the first frame, checked above.
• The LOESS is R's loess (degree 2, tricube weights, no robustness iterations), as the paper ran RStudio (Table S1), with the claims file's spans of 2 and 4 ms (O6); the first round used statsmodels' lowess.
• Four sine sessions per cell are averaged (five in 2_20240522); the paper averaged 4 to 12.
• The per-cycle reading (b) regresses half the cycle's peak-to-peak amplitude on its peak field, so that it is on the scale of the signed regression; the criterion names the peak-to-peak amplitude. With the full amplitude the reading-(b) sine values and ratio double, the p-values are the same, and the sine value is below the pulse in 12 or 13 of 18 ROIs, not 15; the notebook prints that variant, and no criterion row holds under it either.

This threshold corresponds to a 0.68% ± 0.11% FluoVolt emission change (11.8 × 57.7/1,000) ... Then, a 0.68% emission change corresponds to a 6.8-mV depolarization at the AP threshold. Considering the calibration factor variability, the threshold TMP depolarization can be conservatively estimated in the range from 5 to 15 mV

Results, Asymmetric and less-efficient membrane charging by sine waves compared to pulses, last paragraph

The estimate needs the 2-kHz AP threshold in V/cm. The files give labelled generator voltages and "1V translates into 36 V/cm" without saying whether of the amplitude or the peak-to-peak value, and say the delivered amplitude is "somewhat smaller", the calibration not being deposited; the outcome changes with the field reading. Not deciding - with the signed-regression sine sensitivity (5.55 %) and the 1-AP threshold under the amplitude reading (76.0 V/cm, crop ROI) the emission change is 0.42 % and 4.2 mV (0.50 % and 5.0 mV with the 5-AP threshold); the peak-to-peak reading gives 0.84 to 1.46 %; 20 of 24 combinations with the per-cycle slope under the amplitude reading are in range, none otherwise. With the paper's own 57.7 V/cm the emission is 0.32 to 0.47 %. Recorded as not reproduced in the first round; blocked after the verifier's round 1.