Claims 34
From the paper Cell Atlas and Novel Signal Processing Strategy in Primate Insular Cortex · claims file · checked 2026-10-21: ready
- fig5d-connectivity-totals
Simultaneous recordings of up to eight layer 5b neurons tested 1,292 potential connections among 377 neurons and found 31 monosynaptic connections.
In total, we tested 1,292 potential connections from an additional set of 377 neurons in layer 5b and confirmed 31 monosynaptic connections.
Results, Altered connectivity profile of deep-layer AIC neurons, paragraph 2; Figure 5dHow it will be judged
A neuron is one recorded cell (one channel of one slice recording, counted once across the files of that slice). A potential connection is an ordered pair, a presynaptic cell stimulated while another cell of the same slice is recorded; the paper counts direction apart (VEN-to-PC and PC-to-VEN each 0 or 1 of 200, Results), so ordered pairs are the reading its text gives. A connection is a uEPSP or uIPSP evoked by single presynaptic spikes in the response averaged over more than 20 sweeps (Fig. 5f legend), uEPSPs at -70 mV and uIPSPs at -60 mV (Methods). The paper and its code give no amplitude, latency or noise rule for calling a connection, so the connections counted are those annotated, with two readings of the annotation, (a) the dataset's own connection labels and (b) the ConnType annotations of the code's metadata_multiPatch.xlsx, matched through file name and channels; each is run where it exists, and when neither exists the claim is blocked as methods_underspecified. Whether the code's "OK" quality connections count is not said; counted, with the count without them shown. A detection from the traces themselves would be the author's rule and is shown only as a variant that does not decide. Reproduced when all three counts are within tolerance under every reading run; blocked as methods_underspecified when the readings disagree.
- fig5-pc-to-pc
PCs form monosynaptic connections with other PCs in 24 of 503 tested pairs (4.77%).
A breakdown of these connections by cell type revealed that PCs formed monosynaptic connections with other PCs in 24 out of 503 tested pairs (Supplementary Table 5 )
Results, Altered connectivity profile of deep-layer AIC neurons, paragraph 2; Figure 5i; Supplementary Table 5How it will be judged
Pairs, connections and their readings as in fig5d-connectivity-totals; cell types as the dataset labels them, or as metadata_multiPatch.xlsx labels them when the dataset does not (identified by firing pattern and post hoc morphology, Methods). The rate is connections over ordered pairs tested (24/503 = 4.77%, as in Fig. 5i). A connection is counted whatever its sign, the reading the Results give ("monosynaptic connections"); the code's table marks some PC-to-PC connections "Inh", and the count of excitatory ones alone is shown as a variant. Reproduced when the three values are within tolerance under every reading run.
- fig5-ven-outputs-absent
VENs form no connections with adjacent VENs (0 of 110 pairs), with PCs (0 of 200) or with interneurons (0 of 55).
In contrast, VENs did not form synaptic connections with adjacent VENs (VEN-to-VEN, 0 of 110, 135.7 ± 60.0 μm) or with PCs (VEN-to-PC, 0 of 200, 119.3 ± 63.1 μm) ... However, no synaptic connections were found between VENs and INs (VEN-to-IN, 0 of 55 and IN-to-VEN, 0 of 55
Results, Altered connectivity profile of deep-layer AIC neurons, paragraph 2; Figure 5g,iHow it will be judged
As fig5-pc-to-pc. Counts are integers, so 10% of 0 is no tolerance; the connection counts must be 0. The paper reports no test. The code's table annotates one VEN-to-PC connection (slice 190315s2, VEN on channel 4 to PC on channel 6, "Ext", "Excellent"); the notebook shows that pair's averaged response and says which reading counts it. Reproduced when every value is within tolerance under every reading run.
- fig5-pc-to-ven
PCs rarely project to VENs, with one connection in 200 tested PC-to-VEN pairs (0.5%).
Likewise, VENs received minimal local excitatory input, suggesting PCs rarely projected to VENs (PC-to-VEN, 1 of 200, 119.3 ± 63.1 μm)
Results, Altered connectivity profile of deep-layer AIC neurons, paragraph 2; Figure 5iHow it will be judged
As fig5-pc-to-pc. A count of 1 has no 10% tolerance; it must be 1. Reproduced when both values hold under every reading run.
- fig5-pc-in
PCs and interneurons are connected in 2 of 65 PC-to-IN pairs (3.08%) and 4 of 65 IN-to-PC pairs (6.15%).
This analysis identified six synaptic connections between L5 PCs and INs (PC-to-IN, 2 of 65 and IN-to-PC, 4 of 65, 107.0 ± 60.1 μm)
Results, Altered connectivity profile of deep-layer AIC neurons, paragraph 2; Figure 5iHow it will be judged
As fig5-pc-to-pc, with interneurons as the dataset labels them (or "GABA" in metadata_multiPatch.xlsx). Counts of 2 and 4 have tolerances under 1, so they must match exactly. Reproduced when all four values hold under every reading run.
- fig5-in-to-ven-absent
Interneurons make no connections onto VENs (0 of 55 pairs).
However, no synaptic connections were found between VENs and INs (VEN-to-IN, 0 of 55 and IN-to-VEN, 0 of 55
Results, Altered connectivity profile of deep-layer AIC neurons, paragraph 2How it will be judged
As fig5-pc-in. Reproduced when both values hold under every reading run.
- fig5-pair-distances
PC-PC connections span a wide range of soma distances, 111.8 ± 61.2 um (mean ± s.d.); the distances given for the other classes are 135.7 ± 60.0 um for VEN-VEN, 119.3 ± 63.1 um for VEN-PC, 107.0 ± 60.1 um for PC-IN and 97.4 ± 36.8 um for VEN-IN.
These connections spanned a wide range of soma distances (111.8 ± 61.2 μm, mean± s.d.). In contrast, VENs did not form synaptic connections with adjacent VENs (VEN-to-VEN, 0 of 110, 135.7 ± 60.0 μm) or with PCs (VEN-to-PC, 0 of 200, 119.3 ± 63.1 μm) ... (PC-to-IN, 2 of 65 and IN-to-PC, 4 of 65, 107.0 ± 60.1 μm) ... (VEN-to-IN, 0 of 55 and IN-to-VEN, 0 of 55, 97.4 ± 36.8 μm)
Results, Altered connectivity profile of deep-layer AIC neurons, paragraph 2How it will be judged
The s.d. describes the spread of pairs, not an uncertainty of the mean, so each mean and each s.d. gets 10% of its value, not the s.d. as tolerance. The paper does not say how the distance was measured; readings, (a) the Euclidean distance between soma positions in the slice plane and (b) in three dimensions where depth is recorded. It does not say which pairs enter each value; for VEN-VEN, VEN-PC and VEN-IN, with no or one connection, only the tested pairs can, so reading (i) is all tested pairs of the class (each unordered pair once, as VEN-to-PC and PC-to-VEN share one value), and for PC-PC the Results say "these connections", so reading (ii), the connected PC-PC pairs only, is also run. Reproduced when the values are within tolerance under every reading run; blocked as methods_underspecified when readings disagree; blocked as data_missing when the dataset holds no soma positions.
- fig5i-ven-sparse-local-connectivity
VENs have sparse synaptic interactions with the local circuit compared with PCs.
These findings suggest that VENs follow a distinct connectivity pattern characterized by sparse synaptic interactions with local neuronal circuits compared with PCs (Fig. 5i ).
Results, Altered connectivity profile of deep-layer AIC neurons, paragraph 2; Figure 5iHow it will be judged
The paper reports no test for this comparison; it rests on the counts. Reproduced when the four Fig. 5i rates are within tolerance and every rate with a VEN at either end (VEN-to-VEN, VEN-to-PC, PC-to-VEN, VEN-to-IN, IN-to-VEN) is below the PC rate of the same partner class (PC-to-PC for the first three, PC-to-IN and IN-to-PC for the last two). A Fisher exact test of each VEN rate against its PC rate is shown as a variant and does not decide, since the paper uses none.
- fig5fg-example-slice
In the example slice of Fig. 5d-h (six simultaneously recorded excitatory neurons), PC cell 2 evokes EPSPs in cell 6, and VEN cell 4 evokes no EPSP in any of the other cells.
f , Traces showing a PC-to-PC connection (from cell 2 to cell 6, bottom block) ... g , Similar to f . Testing of projections from a VEN (cell 4) to other neurons, with no evoked EPSP detected.
Figure 5d-hHow it will be judged
The slice and channels come from the code (Fig5fg_plotConn.m and Fig5e_plotConnexampleFPs.m, which types cells 1 to 6 as VEN, PC, PC, VEN, VEN, PC; the paper types only cell 2, a PC, cell 4, a VEN, and cell 6, a PC by its legend title "PC-to-PC connection"), slice 20190315 s4 of subject Mfa190314, cells 1 to 6 on channels 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 8, presynaptic files 20190315s4c2 (cell 2) and 20190315s4c6 (cell 4), test round 2 of each. The response is processed as in that script, resampled to 1 kHz, averaged over sweeps (more than 20, Fig. 5f legend) and low-passed with a 2nd-order Butterworth at 300 Hz applied forward and backward (PatchAnaLab filter_300Lowpass). The paper gives no rule for "detected"; the claim is judged on the same annotations as fig5d-connectivity-totals (reproduced when the pair 2 to 6 is annotated as a connection and no pair from cell 4 is), and the notebook prints, for each of the ten responses, the peak deflection in the averaged trace after the presynaptic spike and the s.d. of the trace before it, as a description that does not decide.
- fig5-pc-rate-comparable-primate
The PC-to-PC connection rate is comparable with the rate reported for layer 5 PCs in the primate brain.
a connectivity rate comparable with previously reported for L5 PCs in the primate brain 50
Results, Altered connectivity profile of deep-layer AIC neurons, paragraph 2How it will be judged
The reference is Seeman et al. 2018, eLife 7, e37349 (doi:10.7554/eLife.37349), on mouse and human cortex. The paper prints neither the reference rate (which layer, species and distance range) nor what "comparable" allows, so the comparison cannot be judged from the paper; blocked as methods_underspecified, with the PC-to-PC rate of fig5-pc-to-pc reported.
- fig5b-psc-frequency
The frequencies of spontaneous and miniature EPSCs and IPSCs are lower in VENs than in neighbouring PCs.
The frequencies of both excitatory and inhibitory events were significantly lower in VENs than in PCs (Fig. 5b )
Results, Altered connectivity profile of deep-layer AIC neurons, paragraph 1; Figure 5bHow it will be judged
Per cell event frequency, sEPSC 8 VEN and 11 PC, sIPSC 7 and 8, mEPSC 8 and 8, mIPSC 15 and 21 (Fig. 5b legend); events detected at "the maximus root mean squared noise level (5 pA)" (Methods); two-tailed Wilcoxon rank-sum test per event type (legend), at p < 0.05 (conventional; the panel's p-values were not readable). Reproduced when the VEN median is lower with p < 0.05 for each type. Tested in full under the claims file of DANDI:001752.
- fig5c-psc-amplitude
The amplitudes of spontaneous and miniature EPSCs and IPSCs do not differ significantly between VENs and PCs.
whereas the amplitudes were not significantly different between VENs and PCs (Fig. 5c )
Results, Altered connectivity profile of deep-layer AIC neurons, paragraph 1; Figure 5cHow it will be judged
A claim of absence, judged on the paper's test, a two-tailed Wilcoxon rank-sum test of per-cell amplitudes per event type (Fig. 5c legend; "The same data in b", so the cells of Fig. 5b), alpha 0.05 (conventional). The paper does not say how a cell's amplitude summarizes its events (Clampfit, Methods); readings, (a) the mean and (b) the median of the cell's event amplitudes. Reproduced when p >= 0.05 for each type, with the effect size reported.
- scrna-classes
The whole-cell scRNA-seq atlas of the macaque AIC holds 122,663 transcriptomes in four classes, excitatory neurons (21,733, 17.8%), inhibitory neurons (17,007, 13.9%), glial cells (83,283, 67.8%) and vascular cells (640, 0.5%).
we categorized these cells into four main classes: excitatory neurons (21,733 cells, 17.8%), inhibitory neurons (17,007 cells, 13.9%), glial cells (83,283 cells, 67.8%) and vascular cells (640 cells, 0.5%)
Results, Transcriptomic landscape of the macaque AIC, paragraph 2; Figure 1b,c - scrna-78-types
The four classes divide into 20 subclasses and 78 transcriptomic types, 34 inhibitory, 20 excitatory and 24 non-neuronal.
The four classes were divided into 20 subclasses and further subdivided into 78 molecularly defined transcriptomic cell types, including 34 inhibitory and 20 excitatory neuron types, and 24 non-neuronal cell types
Results, Transcriptomic landscape of the macaque AIC, paragraph 2; Extended Data Figure 1e,fHow it will be judged
Judged on the paper's cluster labels if the deposit carries them (counts of types per class equal to those stated); a re-clustering with the Methods' pipeline (SCANPY, Harmony, Leiden) has no stated resolution, so the number of clusters it gives cannot decide the claim.
- patchseq-mapping
Of 307 Patch-seq neurons with transcriptomes, 273 excitatory neurons map to 18 of the 20 excitatory types and 34 inhibitory neurons to 17 of the 33 inhibitory types.
273 excitatory neurons mapped to 18 of the 20 excitatory types, while 34 inhibitory neurons mapped to 17 of the 33 inhibitory types
Results, Patch-seq revealed extensive cellular heterogeneity in the primate AIC, paragraph 1; Figure 1e - ven-map-et-ct
The 29 morphologically identified VENs do not map to one molecular cluster; 14 map to L5 ET and 15 to L5/6 CT.
29 neurons that were morphologically identified as VENs did not map to a unique molecular cluster; instead, they mapped to either L5 ET ( n = 14) or L5/6 CT ( n = 15)
Results, Patch-seq revealed extensive cellular heterogeneity in the primate AIC, paragraph 2; Figure 2a - ven-firing-rate-variability
VENs have lower firing rates and greater variability in spike timing than PCs.
Notably, VENs exhibit lower firing rate and greater variability in spike timing than PCs
Results, Patch-seq revealed extensive cellular heterogeneity in the primate AIC, paragraph 3; Supplementary Tables 1 and 2How it will be judged
The paper's values and tests are in Supplementary Tables 1 and 2, not in the text read, and the measure of spike-timing variability is not named in the text; blocked as methods_underspecified unless they are supplied.
- fig3ab-ven-axon-from-basal-dendrite
The axons of VENs emanate from their basal dendrite, while those of PCs originate at the base of the soma.
One of the most notable morphological features that distinguish VENs from other PC types is that the axons of the VENs emanate from its basal dendrite (Fig. 3a )
Results, The AIC evolved a neural signal-processing strategy, paragraph 1; Figure 3a,bHow it will be judged
The paper shows examples (Fig. 3a, 20 replications; Fig. 3b, biocytin and Pan-Nav co-staining, 35 replications, axon origins "from prominent basal dendrites in VEN" and "from the base of the soma in PC") and reports no count or test. Measured on the reconstructed VENs and PCs whose axon was recovered (Fig. 6e counts 36 VEN-L, 20 VEN-S and 74 PCs with axonal information). The paper gives no fraction; readings, (a) every such VEN's axon leaves a basal dendrite and every PC's the soma, and (b) more than half do in each type. Reproduced when either reading holds, with the fractions reported and the reading that holds named.
- fig3c-ais-distance-length
In Pan-Nav stained sections the AIS of VENs lies farther from the soma than that of PCs, and VENs have a shorter AIS.
showed that the AIS in VENs was, on average, located significantly farther from the soma than in PCs (Fig. 3c ). Additionally, VENs had a shorter AIS than PCs.
Results, The AIC evolved a neural signal-processing strategy, paragraph 2; Figure 3cHow it will be judged
The legend names a two-way ANOVA (n = 108 VENs and 430 PCs, 23 slices, five animals) without its factors; the readings are cell type with slice, and cell type with animal, as the second factor. Reproduced when, under both, the cell-type effect is significant at p < 0.05 (conventional) for AIS distance (VEN larger) and AIS length (VEN shorter).
- fig3e-phase-peak-index
VENs have lower AP phase-plane peak indices than every PC type.
The VENs had lower phase peak indices than any type of PCs (Fig. 3e )
Results, The AIC evolved a neural signal-processing strategy, paragraph 3; Figure 3eHow it will be judged
Phase peak index (Psd - Pais)/(Psd + Pais) (Methods, Calculation of the phase peak index). Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's test (Fig. 3e legend). Reproduced when the VEN median is the lowest and Dunn's test separates VENs from each PC type at p < 0.05 (conventional).
- fig4ac-ap-width-amplitude
In 281 VENs and 306 L5 PCs, APs of VENs are broader and lower in amplitude.
APs in VENs were broader and had a lower amplitude compared with L5 PCs (Fig. 4a-c )
Results, The AIC evolved a neural signal-processing strategy, paragraph 3; Figure 4a-cHow it will be judged
AP amplitude and half-width of the first AP as in the Methods. Reproduced when the VEN median width is larger and amplitude smaller, each with two-tailed Wilcoxon rank-sum p < 0.001.
- fig4d-sodium-current
Somatic Na+ currents in outside-out patches are lower in VENs (n = 14) than in L5 PCs (n = 21).
outside-out patch-clamp recording showed that the somatic Na + currents evoked in VENs ( n = 14) were significantly lower than those of L5 PCs ( n = 21) (Fig. 4d )
Results, The AIC evolved a neural signal-processing strategy, paragraph 3; Figure 4dHow it will be judged
Two-tailed Wilcoxon rank-sum (Fig. 4d legend). The Methods do not name the measure compared; readings, (a) the largest peak inward current over the steps, per patch, and (b) the same divided by the patch area estimated from its capacitance. Reproduced when, under both, the VEN median is lower with p < 0.05 (conventional).
- fig4i-peak-index-ais-distance
The phase peak index decreases linearly with AIS distance from the soma in the VEN model, and this relation closely matches the one in real neurons.
the linear decrease in the phase peak index with increasing AIS distance observed in the VEN model closely matched the experimental data (Fig. 4i , ANCOVA: F(1, 93) = 1.07, P = 0.5729 for intersection, P = 0.0031 for slope)
Results, The AIC evolved a neural signal-processing strategy, paragraph 4; Figure 4iHow it will be judged
Reproduced when the slope is negative with two-tailed t-test p < 0.05 in the model and in real neurons, and the ANCOVA intercept term gives p >= 0.05. What the ANCOVA slope P tests is not said (common slope against zero, or difference of slopes); it is reported under both readings and does not decide. The printed F(1, 93) = 1.07 is placed before both P values and gives p of about 0.30, matching neither 0.5729 nor 0.0031, so which term it belongs to is open; it is recorded under the intercept as the text's order suggests and does not decide.
- fig4g-model-ais-distance-ap-shape
In the VEN model, moving the AIS farther from the soma makes APs wider and smaller and the phase-plane plot more saddle-like; this effect is not replicated in the PC model.
Crucially, simulating an increase in the distance of the AIS from the soma in the VEN model led to APs being wider and smaller in amplitude
Results, The AIC evolved a neural signal-processing strategy, paragraph 4; Figure 4g,h; Extended Data Figure 7bHow it will be judged
Simulations as in the Methods (Computational model), AIS distance 0 to 170 um in the VEN model and hillock length 0 to 70 um in the PC model. Reproduced when, in the VEN model, AP amplitude falls and width rises with AIS distance, each slope with two-tailed t-test p < 0.05 (Extended Data Fig. 7b legend), and in the PC model amplitude does not fall (the legend reports it slightly increasing; the PC AP also widens slightly, p = 0.0013, so width does not separate the models and is reported only).
- fig4j-eepsp-latency
Latencies of eEPSPs evoked by deep-layer stimulation do not differ between paired VENs and PCs (5.13 and 5.02 ms).
The postsynaptic response latencies were similar between VENs and PCs (5.13 ± 0.29 ms for VENs and 5.02 ± 0.30 ms for PCs, two-tailed paired t -test: P = 0.8941)
Results, VENs respond robustly to deep-layer synaptic input, paragraph 1; Figure 4jHow it will be judged
Only monosynaptic eEPSPs, those whose amplitude increases monotonically with stimulation current at a constant latency, with polysynaptic responses and those evoking APs excluded (Methods, electrical stimulation). A claim of absence, judged on the paper's two-tailed paired t-test at alpha 0.05; reproduced when p >= 0.05, with the mean difference reported. Tolerances are the stated s.e.m.
- fig4j-eepsp-amplitude
eEPSP amplitudes are higher in VENs than in adjacent PCs, with effects of cell type and stimulation level in an ANOVA.
whereas the response amplitudes in VENs were significantly higher than those in adjacent PCs (analysis of variance (ANOVA), P = 0.0034 for cell type and P < 0.001 for stimulation level
Results, VENs respond robustly to deep-layer synaptic input, paragraph 1; Figure 4jHow it will be judged
The monosynaptic eEPSPs of fig4j-eepsp-latency (Methods). ANOVA of amplitude on cell type and stimulation level (the Results name the two factors; the legend of the same design in Extended Data Fig. 9e,f says two-way ANOVA). Whether it treats the 26 VEN-PC pairs and the stimulation levels as repeated measures is not said; readings, (a) ordinary two-way ANOVA and (b) repeated-measures ANOVA with the pair as subject. Reproduced when, under both, VEN amplitudes are higher and the cell-type effect has p < 0.05 (conventional).
- model-ven-fires-more
In simulations, the VEN model fires more than the PC model to the same synaptic input trains, and a distal axon origin raises the somatic response to distal basal inputs.
VEN fired more robustly than PC to the same synaptic input trains (Fig. 4k ), and the distal origin of the axon facilitates the somatic response to the distal basal dendritic inputs (Fig. 4l )
Results, VENs respond robustly to deep-layer synaptic input, paragraph 2; Figure 4k,lHow it will be judged
Reproduced when, across input frequencies of 200 to 1,100 Hz (Methods), the VEN model's firing rate exceeds the PC model's, and the VEN model with AIS D = 70 um fires more than with AIS D = 0 um.
- fig6-ven-subtype-morphology
VEN-L has a larger basal dendritic arborization than L5 PCs, VEN-S an intermediate one similar to PCs; the axon origin lies farther from the soma in both VEN subtypes than in PCs, with no difference between VEN-L and VEN-S.
VEN-L had larger basal dendritic arborization than L5 PCs, whereas VEN-S had intermediate-sized basal dendrite arborization similar to PCs ... the distance from the axon originating site to the soma was significantly greater in both VEN subtypes compared with PCs (Fig. 6e ), with no significant difference observed between VEN-L and VEN-S
Results, Multimodal profiling of two VEN subtypes, paragraph 1; Figure 6c-eHow it will be judged
Two-tailed Wilcoxon rank-sum tests with Benjamini-Hochberg FDR (Fig. 6d,e legend), n = 38 VEN-L, 34 VEN-S, 85 PCs for basal height and field size, and 36, 20 and 74 for axon distance. "Basal dendritic arborization" is measured in Fig. 6d by two features, basal dendritic height and field size; the text does not say which carries the finding, so each is a reading. Reproduced when, under each, VEN-L exceeds PCs at FDR < 0.05 and VEN-S does not differ from PCs (FDR >= 0.05), both subtypes exceed PCs in axon distance at FDR < 0.05, and VEN-L against VEN-S in axon distance gives FDR >= 0.05.
- fig6f-g-ven-subtype-mapping
VEN-Ls map to L5 ET (Exc FEZF2 DSG2, n = 10) and VEN-Ss to L5/6 CT (Exc FEZF2 COL24A1, n = 11), where they fall in the subcluster COL24A1 POC5 apart from canonical L5/6 CT neurons.
the morphologically defined VENs mapped to L5 ET (Exc FEZF2 DSG2) were VEN-Ls ( n = 10), while those VENs mapped to L5/6 CT (Exc FEZF2 COL24A1) were VEN-Ss ( n = 11)
Results, Multimodal profiling of two VEN subtypes, paragraph 2; Figure 6f,g - fig6h-subtype-markers
VEN-L expresses markers such as DSG2, HAPLN4, TOX2, TRPC4, CAMK1G and TAGLN2; VEN-S expresses ATP8A2, POC5 and SEMA3E.
VEN-L expressed markers such as DSG2, HAPLN4, TOX2, TRPC4, CAMK1G and TAGLN2 , whereas VEN-S showed high expression of ATP8A2, POC5 and SEMA3E
Results, Multimodal profiling of two VEN subtypes, paragraph 2; Figure 6hHow it will be judged
SCANPY Wilcoxon differential expression (Methods, Enrichment marker genes), comparing VEN-L, VEN-S and L5/6 CT types (Results; Fig. 6h shows the Exc FEZF2 COL24A1 subpopulations and Exc FEZF2 DSG2). The Methods give two levels, (a) significant marker genes, log fold change > 1 and FDR < 0.05, and (b) enriched marker genes, among the top 50 and meeting the four expression criteria listed; the text does not say which the named genes meet. Reproduced when each named gene passes for its subtype under both; blocked as methods_underspecified when they disagree.
- ven-subtypes-similar-physiology
VEN-L and VEN-S have similar physiological properties.
Despite their distinct morphological and transcriptomic profiles, both VEN subtypes exhibited similar physiological properties (Extended Data Fig. 9 and Supplementary Table 8 )
Results, Multimodal profiling of two VEN subtypes, paragraph 2; Extended Data Figure 9c-f; Supplementary Table 8How it will be judged
A claim of absence, judged on the paper's tests, two-tailed Wilcoxon rank-sum with Benjamini-Hochberg FDR (Extended Data Fig. 9c,d), on AP width and amplitude of 85 VEN-L and 41 VEN-S, and the two-way ANOVA of eEPSP amplitudes between VEN-L and VEN-S (Extended Data Fig. 9f legend, 12 VEN-L and 12 VEN-S paired with PCs, a subset of the Fig. 4j recordings). Reproduced when none is significant at 0.05 (FDR for the first two). The other features are in Supplementary Table 8, not read.
- fig7c-tau-rna-distance
Across pairs of projection neuron types, distances in membrane time constant correlate with transcriptomic distances (r = 0.53).
Pooling the pairs across all clusters revealed a high correlation ( r = 0.53) between the membrane time constant (tau) distances and RNA distances (Fig. 7a–c )
Results, Transcriptomic distinctions underlie phenotypic variation, paragraph 1; Figure 7a-cHow it will be judged
Transcriptomic distance from the Pearson correlation of mean log2(x + 1) counts over the 500 most-variable genes, tau distance as the Euclidean distance between type means (Methods, Variability analysis of transcriptomic neuron types); Pearson r over all pairs. The Methods define the distance as "the Pearson correlation"; the Results call it the "correlation distance between average log counts", so it is taken as 1 - r, the reading the Results give and the one under which a positive r between distances is possible.
- fig8a-metabolite-gradient
Of 581 metabolites, 228 differ between AIC and V1 and only 108 between AIC and parietal cortex.
we identified 228 differentially abundant metabolites between the AIC and V1 (Welch's ANOVA test followed by Games–Howell test, P < 0.05) compared with only 108 between the AIC and PrC
Results, Cortical metabolomics reveals a glycolytic bias of the AIC, paragraph 1; Figure 8aHow it will be judged
Welch's ANOVA followed by Games-Howell at P < 0.05 per metabolite (a selection threshold), on 6 AIC, 6 PrC and 7 V1 samples from three animals (Fig. 8 legend).
- fig8de-glycolytic-bias
Compared with V1, AIC shows elevated citrate, reduced 2-ketobutyrate and increased glutamate, read as a glycolytic bias.
AIC cells displayed elevated citrate and reduced 2-ketobutyrate levels, along with increased glutamate
Results, Cortical metabolomics reveals a glycolytic bias of the AIC, paragraphs 3 and 4; Figure 8d,eHow it will be judged
Welch's ANOVA followed by Games-Howell test (Fig. 8 legend). Reproduced when citrate and glutamate are higher and 2-ketobutyrate lower in AIC than in V1 at P < 0.05.
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