Claims 17
From the paper MHz compression of pulse packets facilitates remote focusing of electroporation · claims file · checked 2026-10-22: ready
- fig6b-peak-900ns-not-significant
The central peak of YP uptake is highest for 900-ns pulse packets, but its difference from 300- and 600-ns packets is not statistically significant.
The central peak of YP uptake was higher for 900-ns pulses, but the difference from the other two pulse durations was not statistically significant
Results 3.3, paragraph 2; Figure 6BHow it will be judged
Per experiment (well, n=5 per pulse duration, Fig. 6B legend), the background-subtracted YP intensity at the centre ROI (0 mm), as in Methods 2.5. The paper does not name the test for this comparison; the Methods allow ANOVA or two-sided t-tests with Bonferroni correction, and the matching comparison at the array centre in Results 3.1 (Fig. 4B) used t-tests with Bonferroni correction. Readings are (a) two-sided t-tests of 900 ns against 300 ns and against 600 ns, Bonferroni over the three pairwise comparisons, and (b) a one-way ANOVA over the three durations, each at p < 0.05. The claim of absence is reproduced when the test finds no significant difference and the 900-ns mean is the highest; not reproduced when the test finds a difference. If (a) and (b) disagree the claim is blocked as methods_underspecified. The centre value from the Lorentzian fit (parameter a) is shown as a variant. Effect sizes are reported.
- fig6c-normalized-decline-similar
With the peak YP emission taken as 100%, the decline of YP emission away from the centre looks similar for 300-, 600- and 900-ns pulses.
When the peak YP emission was taken as 100%, its decline sideways was similar for the three tested pulse durations
Results 3.3, paragraph 2; Figure 6CHow it will be judged
Per experiment, YP intensity along the diagonals divided by its value at 0 mm and expressed in percent; mean and s.e. over the n=5 experiments per duration at each distance, as in Fig. 6C. The paper reports no test; its Methods say significance in the graphs is read from the gap between error bars (a gap longer than the error bars means p < 0.05). Reproduced when at no compared distance do two durations' mean profiles show a gap between their s.e. bars longer than the bars; not reproduced otherwise. The text does not limit the distances; readings are -5 to 5 mm (the fit range of the Fig. 6 legend) and every measured distance. ROI spacing readings are 1-mm steps and contiguous ROIs. The outcome is the one all readings give; blocked as methods_underspecified when they differ.
- fig6d-longer-pulses-sharper-peak
FWHM of the central YP peak, fitted per experiment, decreases with pulse duration from 300 to 900 ns, with a trend slope different from zero (p = 0.003).
revealed significant sharpening of the central peak when packets were built from 600- and 900-ns pulses ... The slope coefficient of the logarithmic fit of the data was different from zero at p = 0.003 (one sample, 2-sided t-test)
Results 3.3, paragraph 2; Figure 6DHow it will be judged
For each experiment, the Lorentzian of Methods 2.5 (centre fixed at 0, a and b free, no offset) fitted by least squares to the background-subtracted YP intensity along the diagonals; FWHM is b. Then a regression of FWHM on pulse duration and a two-sided t-test of its slope. The Fig. 6D legend does not say whether the trend was fitted to the 15 individual values or to the 3 means; readings are individual values (as Fig. 4C, whose legend gives n=15 for fitting) and the 3 means. Further readings are the fit half-range (4, 5 or 6 mm, from Methods, Results 3.1 and the Fig. 6 legend), the trend (linear in pulse duration, Fig. 6D legend, or linear in log pulse duration, Results 3.3), the ROI spacing (1-mm steps or contiguous) and the pooling of diagonals (averaged at each signed distance, or all points fitted). Reproduced when the slope is negative with p < 0.05 under every reading; not reproduced when it is under none; blocked as methods_underspecified when readings differ. The p-value under each is reported.
- fig6d-600-900-differ-from-300
FWHM for 600-ns and for 900-ns packets is each significantly smaller than for 300-ns packets (Bonferroni-corrected t-tests, p = 0.028 for one and p = 0.0072 for the other).
*p=0.028, **p=0.0072 for the difference from 300-ns pulse exposure (2-sided t -test with Bonferroni correction)
Figure 6D legendHow it will be judged
Per-experiment FWHM as in fig6d-longer-pulses-sharper-peak. Two-sided Student's t-tests of 600 against 300 ns and 900 against 300 ns, Bonferroni-corrected. The number of comparisons is not stated; readings are 2 (each against 300 ns, as the legend frames them) and 3 (all pairs). Reproduced when both corrected p-values are below 0.05 with smaller FWHM at the longer duration, under every reading of the fit range, ROI spacing, pooling and comparison count; partially reproduced when only one of the two comparisons is significant; blocked as methods_underspecified when readings differ. The legend's asterisks are not assigned to durations in the text, so the p-values are compared with 0.028 and 0.0072 in either order and shown.
- fig6d-900ns-fwhm
Packets of 900-ns pulses reduce FWHM to 1.7 +/- 0.08 mm (mean +/- s.e.), 11.1 +/- 0.6% of the 15.3-mm gap between electrodes.
900-ns pulse packets reduced FWHM to 1.7 ± 0.08 mm, that was 11.1 ± 0.6% of the gap between electrodes
Results 3.3, paragraph 2; Figure 6DHow it will be judged
Mean over the n=5 experiments of per-experiment FWHM as in fig6d-longer-pulses-sharper-peak. The gap is the 15.3-mm diagonal (1.7/15.3 = 11.1%, and Fig. 4C gives FWHM in % of the diagonal distance between electrodes). Tolerances are the paper's stated s.e. Reproduced when both values are within tolerance under one reading of fit range, ROI spacing and pooling; the result under each reading is shown.
- fig3-cancan-centre-enhancement
All CANCAN protocols enhance electroporation at the centre of the array, while in single-pulse controls YP uptake decreases gradually toward the centre.
All CANCAN protocols visibly enhanced electroporation at the center of the array, in contrast to its gradual decrease toward the center in the control
Results 3.1, paragraph 2; Figure 3AHow it will be judged
Diagonal YP profiles per experiment (Fig. 3B; n=3 per CANCAN rate, n=5 controls). The statement is of a peak at the centre; the paper names no positions for this visual reading of Fig. 3A. Reproduced when, for every CANCAN packet rate, mean YP at 0 mm exceeds mean YP at 4 mm (the edge of the Lorentzian fit range, Fig. 3 legend and Results 3.1), and in controls mean YP at 0 mm is below that at 4, 6 and 7 mm; each comparison read with the Methods' error-bar gap rule (a gap longer than the s.e. bars). Whether CANCAN YP at 0 mm also exceeds YP at 6 and 7 mm (the near-electrode positions of Fig. 4B) is shown per rate and not judged here, since the paper reports the near-electrode suppression as rate dependent (fig4b-suppression-near-electrodes).
- fig3-lorentzian-decline
Under CANCAN, the decline of YP emission from the centre is bell-shaped and well fitted by a Lorentzian within -4 to 4 mm (R > 0.9, p < 0.001).
The decline of YP emission sideways from the center was bell-shaped and followed Lorentzian distribution ... The fit correlation with data in the −4 to 4 mm radius was nearly perfect (R>0.9, p<0.001)
Results 3.1, paragraph 3; Figure 3B and 3CHow it will be judged
The Methods' Lorentzian fitted to the mean diagonal and side-parallel profiles of each CANCAN rate over -4 to 4 mm. Reproduced when the correlation of fit with data exceeds 0.9 with p < 0.001 for every rate.
- fig4b-suppression-near-electrodes
Higher packet rates suppress YP uptake at 6 and 7 mm from the centre (near electrodes) in a rate-dependent way, so that at 0.2 MHz uptake in the centre is 40-fold larger than near electrodes despite a field of about 14 kV/cm there against 3.3 kV/cm in the centre.
Now, by increasing the packet repetition rate to 0.2 MHz, we achieved a 40-fold difference
Results 3.1, paragraphs 2 and 4; Figure 4A and 4BHow it will be judged
Per experiment, background-subtracted YP at 0, 6 and 7 mm on the diagonals (Fig. 4B, n=3 per rate). The field values are the paper's simulation (Methods 2.2) and are not recomputed. The paper does not say which near-electrode distance or which ratio form gives 40; readings are 6 mm or 7 mm, and the ratio of means or the mean of per-experiment ratios. The rate dependence is judged as Fig. 4B shows it, a power function of packet rate fitted to the mean YP at 6 and at 7 mm, with a negative exponent, and 1 Hz above 0.2 MHz by the error-bar gap rule. Reproduced when both hold at 6 and 7 mm and the ratio is within tolerance under one reading.
- fig4b-centre-no-rate-effect
YP intensity in the centre of the array shows no significant effect of packet rate.
YP intensity in the center showed no significant effect of the packet rate ( t -test with Bonferroni correction, Fig. 4B )
Results 3.1, paragraph 4; Figure 4BHow it will be judged
A claim of absence, judged on the paper's test, two-sided t-tests with Bonferroni correction between packet rates of YP at 0 mm (n=3 per rate). The pairs compared are not stated; readings are each rate against 1 Hz (as in Fig. 4C) and all pairs. Reproduced when no corrected p is below 0.05 under either reading; not reproduced when some corrected p is below 0.05 under both; blocked as methods_underspecified when the readings differ. Effect sizes are reported.
- fig4c-fwhm-falls-with-rate
FWHM decreases from about 4 mm at 1 Hz to about 2 mm at 1 kHz, 10 kHz and 0.2 MHz, following a logarithmic dependence from 1 Hz to 10 kHz with no further gain at 0.2 MHz.
FWHM decreased from ~4 mm at 1 Hz to ~2 mm at 1 kHz, 10 kHz, and 0.2 MHz packet rates (p = 0.03; 0.02, and 0.09, respectively; t -test with Bonferroni correction). FWHM decrease followed the logarithmic dependence from 1 Hz to 10 kHz (correlation coefficient R = 0.77, p<0.001)
Results 3.1, paragraph 5; Figure 4CHow it will be judged
Per-experiment Lorentzian FWHM (fit range -4 to 4 mm, Results 3.1 and Fig. 3 legend; 6 mm as the Methods' other bound is shown as a variant). FWHM regressed on log packet rate over the 15 experiments below 0.2 MHz. No further gain at 0.2 MHz is read with the Methods' error-bar gap rule; it holds when mean FWHM at 0.2 MHz is not below the 10-kHz mean by a gap longer than the s.e. bars. Reproduced when the slope is negative with p < 0.05, the 0.2-MHz condition holds and the means are within tolerance; partially reproduced when only the slope holds.
- fig5-raised-electrodes-weaker-centre
Raising the electrodes 1 or 2 mm above the monolayer weakens electroporation in the central spot, with practically no YP staining near electrodes at any height.
there was practically no YP staining near electrodes to start with, so the only clear effect of raising electrodes was the weakening of electroporation in the central spot
Results 3.2, paragraph 1; Figure 5A and 5BHow it will be judged
Diagonal YP profiles at 0, 1 and 2 mm elevation (n=6-7). Reproduced when mean central YP at 0 mm exceeds that at 1 mm and at 2 mm by the Methods' error-bar gap rule. The paper sets no threshold for "practically no" staining near electrodes, so YP at 6 and 7 mm, as percent of the 0-mm centre, is reported and not judged.
- fig5-yp-lorentzian-pr-gaussian
The decline of Pr staining (cell killing) from the centre fits a Gaussian better than a Lorentzian (R2 0.96 against 0.92), while YP fits a Lorentzian better (0.98 against 0.95), fitted from -5 to 5 mm.
For Pr data in the left panel of Fig. 5B , the coefficient of determination increased from 0.92 for Lorentzian fit to 0.96 for Gaussian fit. YP data showed the opposite trend, with the coefficients of 0.98 and 0.95 for Lorentzian and Gaussian fits
Results 3.2, paragraph 3; Figure 5B, left panelHow it will be judged
Fits of the Methods' Lorentzian and Gaussian to the mean diagonal profiles at 0 mm elevation (the left panel is read as 0 mm), from -5 to 5 mm. Reproduced when the Gaussian R2 exceeds the Lorentzian R2 for Pr and the reverse for YP; the values are compared with expected.
- fig5-yp-spot-slightly-larger-than-pr
The central spot of YP staining (electroporation) is only slightly larger than the spot of Pr staining (cell killing).
the central spot of YP staining (electroporation) was just slightly larger than the spot of Pr staining (cell killing
Results 3.2, paragraph 2; Figure 5A and 5BHow it will be judged
FWHM of the YP Lorentzian and Pr Gaussian (FWHM about 2.4 sigma, Methods) on the mean diagonal profiles, -5 to 5 mm (Fig. 5B legend), at each elevation. Reproduced when YP FWHM exceeds Pr FWHM at 0 mm elevation. The paper sets no bound for "just slightly", so the ratio is reported and not judged.
- fig7be-burst-number-centre
The central YP peak grows linearly with the number of bursts in CT26 and CHO cells, except for saturation after 6 bursts (x4) in CT26 cells.
The increase was linear in both cell lines, except when it reached saturation after 6 bursts (x4) in CT26 cells
Results 3.4, paragraph 2; Figure 7B and 7EHow it will be judged
Central YP (0 mm) regressed linearly on burst number, CT26 without the 6-burst point (Fig. 7B legend), CHO with all, slope tested by the two-sided one-sample t test of the legend. The legend does not say whether individual experiments or means were fitted; readings are both, and the outcome is the one both give (blocked as methods_underspecified when they differ). Reproduced when both slopes are positive at p < 0.05. Saturation is read with the Methods' error-bar gap rule; it holds when the CT26 6-burst mean is not above the mean at the next lower burst number by a gap longer than the bars.
- fig7-fwhm-burst-number
FWHM increases with the number of bursts in CT26 cells but not in CHO cells (p = 0.44).
FWHM of the central peak increased proportionally to the burst number in CT26 cells, but not in CHO cells
Results 3.4, paragraph 2; Figure 7C and 7FHow it will be judged
Per-experiment Lorentzian FWHM regressed linearly on burst number (CHO without 1 burst, which was too small to fit). The CHO part is a claim of absence judged on the paper's test, the two-sided t-test of the slope at p < 0.05. Reproduced when the CT26 slope is positive at p < 0.05 and the CHO slope is not significant. Fit-range, ROI spacing, pooling and fitted-points (individual values or means) readings as in fig6d-longer-pulses-sharper-peak; blocked as methods_underspecified when they differ.
- fig7-sharpest-peak-1-burst-ct26
One burst (x4) in CT26 cells gives the sharpest peak of the study, FWHM 1.1 +/- 0.1 mm, 7.3% of the inter-electrode gap and 2.3% of the array area, with YP near electrodes 40 to 50 times smaller than at the target.
1 burst (x4) in CT26 cells produced the sharpest peak of electroporation seen in this study ... at FWHM of 1.1 ± 0.1 mm, it occupied just 7.3% of the inter-electrode gap and 2.3% of the electrode array area. Off-target effects, characterized by YP emission near electrodes, were 40–50 times smaller than at the remote target
Results 3.4, paragraph 3; Figure 7A and 7CHow it will be judged
Per-experiment FWHM as in fig6d-longer-pulses-sharper-peak; gap is the 15.3-mm diagonal. Sharpest means the mean FWHM is below that of every other condition the study fitted (Figs 4C, 6D, 7C and 7F); this is shown and judged. The ratio range 40 to 50 widened by 10% of each bound is 36 to 55 (value 45.5, tolerance 9.5); the near-electrode readings are as in fig4b-suppression-near-electrodes. The paper does not say how 2.3% of the array area is computed; a circle of diameter 1.1 mm over a square of 15.3-mm diagonal gives 0.8%, so the area figure is reported under that reading and not used for the outcome.
- fig2-heating-below-44c
In the worst-case heating protocol (600-ns packets with no interval, 2 or 6 bursts), temperature did not exceed 44 C even near the electrodes; it could exceed 30 C within about 2 mm of the electrodes after 2 bursts and even near the centre after 6 bursts.
Temperature could exceed 30 °C even near the center of the array, but did not exceed 44 °C even near the electrodes
Methods 2.3; Figure 2How it will be judged
Read from thermochromic film colour (black, red, green, blue, black at 25, 26, 30 and 44 C). Reproduced when no frame at the end of a burst shows the return to black that marks 44 C or above. These are film images, not cell data.
Pipeline
- Paper
- done (1 of 1)
- Claims
- done
- Claims check
- done (ready)
- Attempt
- todo
- Questions
- none
- Verified
- none