Claims 33
From the paper Whole-brain chemosensory responses of both C. elegans sexes · claims file · checked 2026-10-22: ready
- recordings-animals
Whole-head activity of 196 sex-shared and 6 male-specific neurons was studied in 22 hermaphrodites and 25 males.
We studied the activity of 196 sex-shared neurons ... in the heads of 22 hermaphrodites and 25 males
Results, Most sensory neurons in the head exhibit sexually dimorphic responses, paragraph 1How it will be judged
Counted from the recordings' sex. The tolerance is zero because these are counts of recorded animals, which the code's datasets.json also gives (22 and 25 of 47).
- fig5b-responsive-classes
Of the 89 head neuron classes, 84 (94%) responded to at least one stimulus in at least one sex.
Of the 89 neuron classes in the head, 84 were responsive (94%)
Results, Most sensory neurons in the head exhibit sexually dimorphic responses, paragraph 9; Figure 5BHow it will be judged
RESPONSE, EXCLUSION (both readings), CLASSES and RESPONSIVE as in the opening comment, counted over the 89 canonical classes. Male-specific CEM and MCM are not among the 89 (code removes them). Reproduced when the count is within tolerance under both exclusion readings (opening comment, EXCLUSION).
- fig5b-dimorphic-classes
Of the 89 head neuron classes, 80 (90%) responded dimorphically to at least one stimulus.
and 80 classes (90%) were sexually dimorphic
Results, Most sensory neurons in the head exhibit sexually dimorphic responses, paragraph 9; Figure 5BHow it will be judged
DIMORPHISM (representation 1) over the 8 cues, onset or offset, then CLASSES. The code (Fig5.ipynb) counts a class as dimorphic only when it is also responsive; the Methods do not say so. Readings are (a) dimorphic and responsive, as the code; (b) dimorphic alone. Each is run with both exclusion readings. Reproduced when the count is within tolerance under (a) or (b), with both exclusion readings giving that outcome.
- fig5b-layer-counts
Responsive and dimorphic classes per layer are 23 and 22 of 24 sensory, 34 and 33 of 36 inter, 14 and 13 of 15 motor, and 13 and 12 of 14 pharyngeal classes.
Of the 24 sensory neuron classes, 23 classes (96%) were responsive, and 22 classes (92%) were dimorphic. Of the 36 interneuron classes, 34 classes (94%) were responsive, and 33 classes (92%) were dimorphic. Of the 15 motor neuron classes, 14 classes (93%) were responsive, and 13 classes (87%) were dimorphic. Of the 14 pharyngeal neuron classes, 13 classes (93%) were responsive, and 12 classes (86%) were dimorphic
Results, Most sensory neurons in the head exhibit sexually dimorphic responses, paragraph 9; Figure 5BHow it will be judged
As the two claims it depends on, split by layer. The layer assignment is OPEN (opening comment, CLASSES). Reproduced when all eight counts are within tolerance under reading (a) or (b) of fig5b-dimorphic-classes; partially reproduced when six or seven are. Both exclusion readings must give the outcome (opening comment, READINGS).
- fig3-each-stimulus-mixed
For every stimulus at least one neuron class responds dimorphically and at least one monomorphically.
For each stimulus tested, we observed at least one neuron class respond in a sexually dimorphic manner, and one class respond in a monomorphic manner
Results, Most sensory neurons in the head exhibit sexually dimorphic responses, paragraph 5; Figure 3A and 3B; Figure 5BHow it will be judged
Per cue, a class is dimorphic to it when DIMORPHISM gives p <= 0.05 at onset or offset, and monomorphic to it when RESPONSIVE holds for that cue and DIMORPHISM gives p > 0.05 at both onset and offset (Figure 5B legend counts per-stimulus responsive and dimorphic classes; code Fig5.ipynb). Reproduced when all 8 cues have at least one of each, under each exclusion reading.
- sensory-dimorphic-and-monomorphic
Nearly every sensory neuron class responds dimorphically to at least one stimulus and monomorphically to at least one other.
nearly every sensory neuron responds in a sexually dimorphic manner to at least one stimulus while responding monomorphically to at least one other stimulus
Discussion, paragraph 1; Figures 3 and 5AHow it will be judged
Dimorphic and monomorphic to a cue as defined in fig3-each-stimulus-mixed, over the 24 sensory canonical classes. The paper gives no count for the pair of conditions; "nearly every" is read from the paper's own use of it for 22 of 24 sensory classes and 80 of 89 classes, as at least 90% (22 of 24). Reproduced when at least 22 sensory classes meet both conditions.
- layers-sensory-most-dimorphic
Dimorphic and monomorphic responses are less present in interneurons than in sensory neurons, and less still in motor neurons.
This dimorphic and monomorphic activity was present to a lesser extent in downstream interneurons and even less so in motoneurons
Summary; Figures 3A, 3B and 5BHow it will be judged
The paper gives no measure for this. Its class counts (Figure 5B, 92% of sensory, 92% of inter and 87% of motor classes dimorphic) do not order sensory above inter, so the statement is read from the per-stimulus counts of Figure 5B and the cells of Figure 3A and 3B. Over the 8 cues, with canonical classes and layers as in fig5b-layer-counts, per layer, readings are (a) the fraction of class-cue combinations with a dimorphic response (DIMORPHISM, onset or offset); (b) the fraction of class-cue combinations that are responsive (RESPONSIVE, dimorphic or monomorphic); (c) as (a) over subclass-cue-window cells of Figure 3A and 3B. Reproduced when, under one reading, sensory > inter > motor; each reading is reported.
- fig3a-osmotic-onset-examples
At the onset of osmotic stress ASER and ASH respond monomorphically while AWA and AWB respond dimorphically.
in response to the onset of osmotic stress, the gustatory neuron ASER and the nociceptive neuron ASH ... show monomorphic responses, whereas olfactory neurons AWA and AWB ... show dimorphic responses
Results, Most sensory neurons in the head exhibit sexually dimorphic responses, paragraph 5; Figures 2B and 3AHow it will be judged
DIMORPHISM, representation 1, onset window, 800 mM sorbitol. Reproduced when AWA and AWB have p <= 0.05, and ASER and ASH have p > 0.05 (the absence is judged on the same test) and are responsive to sorbitol at onset (RESPONSIVE, in at least one sex), since Figures 3 and 5 count a class as monomorphic only when it responds. The four p-values and normalized differences are reported, under both exclusion readings.
- fig2b-bag-high-odor-monomorphic
AWA's response to osmotic stress is dimorphic and BAG's response to high odor is monomorphic.
exemplifying sexually dimorphic (e.g., AWA responding to osmotic stress) and monomorphic neural activity (e.g., BAG responding to high odor)
Figure 2B legendHow it will be judged
DIMORPHISM, representation 1. The legend does not say onset or offset; Figure 2B plots the whole presentation. Readings are (a) onset, (b) offset, (c) either window for AWA and both windows for BAG. Reproduced when, under one reading, AWA has p <= 0.05 and BAG with 1e-2 isoamyl alcohol has p > 0.05 and is responsive to it in the same window (RESPONSIVE, in at least one sex), since Figures 3 and 5 count a class as monomorphic only when it responds.
- fig3a-ash-stimulus-dependent
ASH responds monomorphically to osmotic and toxic stress but dimorphically to high salt.
the ASH neuron's response to osmotic and toxic stress is monomorphic, but its response to high salt is dimorphic
Results, Most sensory neurons in the head exhibit sexually dimorphic responses, paragraph 5; Figures 2B and 3AHow it will be judged
DIMORPHISM, representation 1, onset window (the text cites Figure 3A, onset). Reproduced when ASH has p <= 0.05 for 450 mM NaCl, and p > 0.05 for sorbitol and for CuSO4 while responsive to each at onset (RESPONSIVE, in at least one sex; monomorphic as in Figures 3 and 5).
- fig3a-aser-salt-concentration
ASER responds dimorphically to low salt but monomorphically to high salt.
the ASER neuron's response to a low concentration of salt is dimorphic, but its response to a higher concentration of salt is monomorphic
Results, Most sensory neurons in the head exhibit sexually dimorphic responses, paragraph 5; Figures 2B and 3AHow it will be judged
DIMORPHISM, representation 1, onset window (Figure 3A), ASER alone. Reproduced when the 100 mM NaCl response has p <= 0.05, and the 450 mM NaCl response has p > 0.05 while responsive at onset (RESPONSIVE, in at least one sex; monomorphic as in Figures 3 and 5).
- fig2e-i2-dimorphic
Pharyngeal interneuron I2 responds dimorphically to pheromone, osmotic stress and salt.
pharyngeal interneuron I2 exhibited sexually dimorphic responses to pheromone, osmotic stress, and salt
Results, Most sensory neurons in the head exhibit sexually dimorphic responses, paragraph 7; Figure 2EHow it will be judged
DIMORPHISM, representation 1, class I2. The text fixes neither the window nor which salt. Reproduced when ascr#3, sorbitol and at least one NaCl concentration each give p <= 0.05 at onset or offset; the readings (onset only, offset only, low salt, high salt) are all reported.
- pharynx-dimorphic-food-salt-pheromone
The pharyngeal (enteric) neurons respond dimorphically to food, salt and pheromone.
the enteric nervous system of the worm responds to food, salt, and (most strikingly) pheromone in a sexually dimorphic manner
Discussion, paragraph 4; Figure 2EHow it will be judged
DIMORPHISM, representation 1, over the pharyngeal subclasses (layer OPEN, opening comment). Reproduced when at least one pharyngeal class has p <= 0.05, at onset or offset, for OP50, for ascr#3, and for at least one NaCl concentration.
- fig2-awa-awb-nociceptive
Olfactory neurons AWA and AWB also respond to osmotic and toxic stress.
in addition to responding to odors, olfactory neurons AWA and AWB also responded to nociceptive stimuli, including osmotic and toxic stress
Results, Most sensory neurons in the head exhibit sexually dimorphic responses, paragraph 7; Figure 2BHow it will be judged
RESPONSIVE per class and cue (in at least one sex, onset or offset). Reproduced when AWA and AWB are each responsive to sorbitol and to CuSO4.
- fig2-adf-m2-switch
ADF responds to food in hermaphrodites but to pheromone in males, and pharyngeal neuron M2 shows a similar switch between food and pheromone.
ADF responds to food in hermaphrodites, but in males it responds to pheromones ... More surprising was a similar dimorphic switch in the M2 pharyngeal neuron, also to food and pheromone
Results, Most sensory neurons in the head exhibit sexually dimorphic responses, paragraph 7; Figures 2B and 2EHow it will be judged
Per sex, RESPONSIVE (onset or offset) of ADF and M2 to OP50 and to ascr#3. For M2 the text does not say which sex responds to which cue. Readings are (a) ADF responsive to food and not to pheromone in hermaphrodites, and to pheromone and not to food in males; M2 responsive to one cue and not the other in each sex, with the cues opposite between sexes; (b) DIMORPHISM gives p <= 0.05 for both cues in each of ADF and M2, in the direction of a switch (for ADF the absolute mean response to OP50 larger in hermaphrodites and to ascr#3 larger in males; for M2 the larger sex opposite between the two cues), since a dimorphism without direction does not test the switch the statement names. Reproduced when ADF and M2 meet one reading; partially reproduced when one of the two does.
- male-specific-unresponsive
The male-specific head neuron classes CEM and MCM were predominantly unresponsive to the stimuli.
The male-specific head neuron classes (sensory neuron CEM and interneuron MCM) were predominantly unresponsive to stimuli
Results, Most sensory neurons in the head exhibit sexually dimorphic responses, paragraph 2; Figure S2D (the text cites S2C; the legend of S2D shows the male-specific neurons)How it will be judged
RESPONSIVE in males, for CEMD, CEMV and MCM as the code separates them, over 8 cues and 2 windows (16 tests per class). "Predominantly" is read as most of the tests. Reproduced when fewer than half of each class's tests are significant; the number significant is reported.
- tail-unresponsive
Tail neurons did not appear to respond to cues presented to the head.
tail neurons did not appear to be responsive to cues presented to the head
Results, Broad chemosensory stimulation activates the whole brain of both sexes, paragraph 3How it will be judged
The paper reports no test on tail neurons; its test of responsiveness is RESPONSIVE. A claim of absence, judged on that test, applied to each tail class the dandiset identifies. Reproduced when no tail class is responsive; not reproduced when any is, with the number of classes and tests reported. Not testable if the dandiset holds no identified tail neurons.
- figs2f-left-right-similar
Neurons within the same class usually have equivalent activity, with left and right neurons more correlated with each other than with neurons of other classes.
Neurons within the same class usually exhibit equivalent neural-activity traces
Results, Most sensory neurons in the head exhibit sexually dimorphic responses, paragraph 3; Figure S2FHow it will be judged
Figure S2F legend, the within-animal Pearson r between the left and right neurons of each class against the mean r of each of them with neurons of other classes. The traces are OPEN. Readings are (a) the band-passed traces of CORRELATION; (b) the raw traces. Reproduced when, in each sex, the mean left-right r exceeds the mean other-class r for more than half of the bilateral classes, under both readings.
- figs3e-pattern-robust
Restricting the test to the first cycle or to per-animal averages makes specific neuron-stimulus pairs less clearly dimorphic but leaves the pattern of dimorphic neuron classes largely unchanged.
Overall, while specific odor-neuron pairs are not as clearly dimorphic in these more conservative analyses, the pattern of neurons that we find to respond dimorphically is largely unaffected
Results, Most sensory neurons in the head exhibit sexually dimorphic responses, paragraph 10; Figure S3A to S3EHow it will be judged
DIMORPHISM under representations 1, 2 and 3 (Methods), per subclass, at p <= 0.05; a class is dimorphic when any cue and window is (Figure S3E legend). The paper fixes no measure of "largely". Readings are (a) more than half of the classes dimorphic under representation 1 are dimorphic under all three (S3E's robust classes); (b) more than half of them are dimorphic under each of representations 2 and 3 separately. Reproduced when one reading holds and the number of dimorphic neuron-cue-window pairs is lower under representations 2 and 3 than under 1.
- figs2e-no-order-effect
Response amplitude does not depend on the position of the stimulus in the presentation order.
We also verified that there was no dependence on response amplitude as a function of stimulus order
Results, Most sensory neurons in the head exhibit sexually dimorphic responses, paragraph 10; Figure S2EHow it will be judged
Figure S2E legend, onset responses (RESPONSE) of cycle 1 only, against position 1 to 10, for all stimuli combined and for each stimulus. The paper names no test and does not say which neurons enter. Readings are (a) a linear regression of response on position over all neuron responses, slope p >= 0.05; (b) the same on per-animal means over neurons; (c) a one-way ANOVA over positions on all neuron responses, p >= 0.05. A claim of absence with no test in the paper, so all readings are run; reproduced when all find no dependence for all stimuli combined, not reproduced when all find one, otherwise blocked as methods_underspecified. Per-stimulus results are reported.
- figs3fg-state-dependence-interneurons
Motor-state-dependent sexual dimorphism is more prominent in interneurons than in sensory or motor neurons.
These state-dependent responses were more prominent in interneurons than in sensory or motor neurons
Results, Most sensory neurons in the head exhibit sexually dimorphic responses, paragraph 11; Figure S3F and S3GHow it will be judged
State per presentation from AVA (Methods, Classifying motor state); the AVA trace is divided by an exponential fit of its baseline, the 5 s before onset is a transition if it changes by more than 20%, otherwise reverse when its mean is above the global mean and forward when below. OPEN, with all combinations run. AVA as AVAL, AVAR, or their mean; "changes by more than 20%" as (max - min) / mean of the window, or as |last - first| / first; the fit subtracted or divided. Per neuron-cue pair and window, a two-way ANOVA of RESPONSE values (representation 1) on sex and state (forward and reverse; transitions out), interaction p (Methods, Identifying state-dependent...), BH over the pairs of each window. Per layer, the fraction of neuron-cue pairs with interaction q < 0.05 (black borders in S3F, S3G), and as a second reading p < 0.05. Reproduced when the interneuron fraction exceeds both the sensory and the motor fraction.
- figs2c-aib-state
The structure of AIB's sexual dimorphism to high salt or pheromone differs between forward and backward motor states.
In some responses, such as AIB responding to high salt or pheromones (Figure S2C), the structure of the sexual dimorphism is different when animals are (fictively) moving forward in comparison to backward
Results, Most sensory neurons in the head exhibit sexually dimorphic responses, paragraph 11; Figure S2CHow it will be judged
States and readings as in figs3fg-state-dependence-interneurons. Per state, DIMORPHISM of AIB (S2C legend, two-sample t-test). Reproduced when, for 450 mM NaCl or for ascr#3, at onset or offset, either the sex x state interaction has p < 0.05 or the response is dimorphic (p <= 0.05) in one state and not in the other.
- figs8-state-insensitive
Average responses are mostly insensitive to the animal's motor state, and many dimorphic sensory responses persist after conditioning on it.
Overall, however, average responses were mostly insensitive to the motor state of the animal
Results, Most sensory neurons in the head exhibit sexually dimorphic responses, paragraph 11; Discussion, paragraph 3; Figure S8A to S8DHow it will be judged
States and readings as in figs3fg-state-dependence-interneurons, onset state, over the classes and cues of Figure 2B to 2E (code Fig2&3_prepare_data, ADF, ADL, ASEL, ASER, ASH, ASI, AWA, AWB, BAG, AIA, AIB, AVE, AVH, RIA, RIR, DB1, VB2, M2, I2, MC, M3). The paper names no test of insensitivity; with its two-sample t-test, per class, cue, window and sex, forward against reverse responses. Reproduced when more than half of these comparisons have p > 0.05, and more than half of the sensory class-cue-window responses dimorphic under DIMORPHISM stay dimorphic (p <= 0.05) within the forward state or within the reverse state.
- fig4c-functional-connectivity-similar
Pairwise functional connectivity is highly similar between the sexes (R2 = 0.8 for a linear fit of male on hermaphrodite mean correlations).
the functional connectivity between hermaphrodites and males is highly similar (80% or R2 = 0.8 for a linear fit)
Results, Functional correlations between sex-shared neurons are predominantly shared between sexes, paragraph 2; Figure 4CHow it will be judged
CORRELATION over the pairs of the 110 subclasses with stimuli left out (code Fig4.ipynb, no_odor_score_df); R2 of an ordinary least-squares line (scipy linregress, as the code). Reproduced when R2 is within tolerance under CORRELATION reading (b), the Methods'; reading (a), the code's, is shown as a variant.
- fig4-stimuli-correlate-sensory
In both sexes stimuli are more correlated or anti-correlated with sensory neurons than with interneurons or motor neurons.
In both sexes, stimuli were more correlated (or anti-correlated) with sensory neurons than with interneurons ... or motor neurons
Results, Functional correlations between sex-shared neurons are predominantly shared between sexes, paragraph 2; Figure 4BHow it will be judged
CORRELATION per stimulus-subclass pair (880 pairs), the per-sex mean r. The paper gives no test or summary. Readings are (a) the mean |r| over the pairs of each layer; (b) the root mean square r (as Figure S14's global correlation). Reproduced when, in each sex, the sensory value exceeds the interneuron and the motor value under both readings, with CORRELATION reading (b); CORRELATION reading (a) is a variant.
- fig4-functional-dimorphism-small
Almost all neuron pairs have a functional dimorphism below 0.4, on a scale of 0 to 2.
we observed that almost all neuronal pairs had a functional dimorphism of less than 0.4
Results, Functional and synaptic sexual dimorphisms are distinct, paragraph 2; Figure 4EHow it will be judged
CORRELATION, functional dimorphism per pair of subclasses (stimuli left out, "neuronal pairs"). "Almost all" is read as (a) at least 95% or (b) at least 99% of pairs. Reproduced when one reading holds under CORRELATION reading (b); the fraction is reported under both CORRELATION readings, (a) as a variant.
- fig4f-synaptic-top-not-functional
The neuron pairs with the highest synaptic dimorphisms are functionally uncorrelated in both sexes and show little to no functional dimorphism.
These pairs were functionally uncorrelated in both sexes
Results, Functional and synaptic sexual dimorphisms are distinct, paragraph 3; Figure 4F; Figure S4BHow it will be judged
The top 36 pairs by dimorphism degree after removing pairs with combined SEM >= 5 (Methods, Selecting neuron pairs...), and the six of Figure 4F (code, RIM-SAAD, AIB-AIM, URYD-RMDV, AVK-RMF, URX-RIR, ASH-AVA). Functional dimorphism p from CORRELATION. Readings of "no functional dimorphism" are (a) p > 0.05 (Figure 4F asterisks); (b) p >= 0.01 (Figure 4E white). Reproduced when more than half of the 36 and of the six have no functional dimorphism under one reading; their mean r per sex is reported. The text's "functionally uncorrelated in both sexes" has no measure or test in the paper (the Figure 4F legend states only little to no functional dimorphism), so that part is reported descriptively and does not decide the outcome.
- fig4g-functional-top-not-synaptic
The neuron pairs with the highest functional dimorphisms are mostly not synaptically connected, and where connected their connectivity is essentially not dimorphic.
We found that these pairs were mostly not synaptically connected. When they were connected, the connectivity was essentially not dimorphic
Results, Functional and synaptic sexual dimorphisms are distinct, paragraph 3; Figure 4G; Figure S4CHow it will be judged
The top 36 pairs by functional dimorphism with p < 0.01 (Methods; the code's p < 0.001 is a variant), stimulus pairs, sensory-sensory pairs and pairs absent from the connectome left out (Methods, Selecting neuron pairs...). The order of these exclusions is OPEN. The Methods name them after the top 36, and the Figure S4C legend says the 36 include pairs that Figure 4G drops (sensory-sensory pairs). Readings are (i) the exclusions applied before taking the 36; (ii) the top 36 by p < 0.01 alone, with stimulus pairs and pairs absent from the connectome then left out of the counts. Both are run and must give the outcome. Not connected is read as (a) zero summed weight in both sexes, or (b) both sums below 3 (the code drops these). Not dimorphic is a difference below 5 (Methods, the bar for a substantial dimorphism). Reproduced when, under one reading, more than half of the 36 are not connected and more than half of the connected ones are not dimorphic.
- figs20-multihop-no-match
Indirect multi-hop synaptic connections are stronger between all pairs but still fail to match functional dimorphisms.
these multi-hop indirect synaptic connections were higher between all pairs of neurons, but they failed to match the dimorphisms measured in functional connectivity
Results, Functional and synaptic sexual dimorphisms are distinct, paragraph 4; Figure S20How it will be judged
Figure S20 legend, a weighted graph per sex with edge cost 1 / synaptic strength (CONNECTOME sums), Dijkstra shortest paths, indirect strength 1 / path cost; dimorphism degree as CONNECTOME on the indirect strengths. Judged as fig4d-functional-synaptic-uncorrelated (linregress slope p >= 0.05) on these values.
- connectome-normalization-sem
Normalizing the three hermaphrodite connectomes by their 95% quantiles cut the mean SEM across them from 1.14 (SD 2.07) to 0.62 (SD 0.87).
This average SEM was 1.14 with a standard deviation of 2.07 ... the average SEM decreased to 0.62 (down from the initial 1.14), and the standard deviation of the SEM decreased to 0.87
STAR Methods, Normalization of connectome dataHow it will be judged
CONNECTOME only; the dandiset is not used. SEM per directed synapse over the three hermaphrodite datasets (pandas sem, ddof 1), its mean and SD (ddof 1) before and after normalization. Which synapses enter is OPEN. The Methods say "across all synapses", the code (Fig4_prepare_data) keeps synapses with both neurons among the recorded head neurons. Readings are (a) the code's set; (b) every directed neuron pair with a synapse in at least one hermaphrodite dataset. Reproduced when all four values are within tolerance under one reading, as these are readings of what the reported numbers were computed over.
- figs1-behavior
The stimuli evoke behavioral responses in wild-type and in the imaged NeuroPAL GCaMP6s strain, with preferences that are monomorphic for some stimuli and dimorphic for others.
These stimuli evoked robust behavioral responses in both wild-type (N2) worms and the NeuroPAL;GCaMP6s (OH16230) worms
Results, Broad chemosensory stimulation activates the whole brain of both sexes, paragraph 1; Figure 1A and 1C; Figure S1A and S1BHow it will be judged
Drop-test avoidance indices (Methods, Behavioral assays; code FigS2.ipynb). Per stimulus and strain, hermaphrodite against male, two-sample t-test (S1 legend; equal variances, as the code). "Robust" has no test in the paper or code and is reported descriptively. Reproduced when, in each strain, at least one stimulus differs between the sexes (p <= 0.05) and at least one does not. The paper does not say these data are in the dandiset.
Pipeline
- Paper
- done (1 of 1)
- Claims
- done
- Claims check
- done (ready)
- Attempt
- todo
- Questions
- none
- Verified
- none