Datasets / DANDI:000715

DANDI:000715

Not yet verified

NeuroPAL: Atlas of C. elegans neuron locations and colors in NeuroPAL worm

cell population imaging microscopy Caenorhabditis elegans 840 MB 10 files
  • 1 reproduced
  • 3 partially reproduced
  • 3 not reproduced
  • 2 blocked

Counted separately: 2 claims that also use data from outside the dataset.

  • 1 reproduced
  • 1 blocked

Counted separately: 21 claims on data the paper deposited in other archives.

  • 2 reproduced
  • 1 not reproduced
  • 18 blocked

Tested on dataset version 0.241009.1514

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Claims

From the paper NeuroPAL: A Multicolor Atlas for Whole-Brain Neuronal Identification in C. elegans

Reproducing Yemini et al. (2021) from dandiset 000715 10

Notebook reproduce_yemini_2021.ipynb

Reproduced2

  • ReproducedFigure 2C legendrests on an assumption

    In the head atlas, OLLR shows over twice the positional variability of OLLL along the anterior-posterior axis.

    OLLR exhibits over twice the positional variability of OLLL in its anterior-posterior axis

    Figure 2C legend

    Along the major axis of the head atlas OLLR's standard deviation is 2.69 um and OLLL's 1.25 um, ratio 2.14 (reading a, given as measured); the variance ratio is 4.60 (reading b); the extent of the 50% contour of the conditional distribution in the planes of axes 1 and 2 and of axes 1 and 3 gives 1.63 and 2.06 (reading c). Under the six variants of the atlas fit (including the forward regression of equation 4.11) the standard deviation ratio is 2.00 to 2.33 and the variance ratio 4.01 to 5.44. Both neurons are named in all ten worms.

    How the test differed from the paper’s method

    • The atlas is fit with the gauge and the 20 alternations of the assumption stated under fig2cd-variability-differs; the variants shown all give a ratio above 2 under reading b and 2.00 or more under reading a.
    • Which minor axis is left-right and which dorsal-ventral is not fixed by the atlas; reading c is shown in both planes.
  • ReproducedMethods S2, section 4.3, paragraph 1question to the readeruses data from outside the dataset

    Using the atlas of neuron positions from the 10 worms to define neighbors, NeuroPAL's designed color map has a theoretical color margin violation of 3.5% over neighboring neuron pairs.

    NeuroPAL, which comprehensively identifies all neuron types, exhibited a theoretical color violation of 3.5%.

    Methods S2, section 4.3, paragraph 1

    With neighbors from the dandiset's head atlas (192 neurons with a NeuroPAL color, 4065 adjacent ordered pairs), the code's measure, the mean shortfall below the margin over neighboring pairs, is 3.64%, inside 3.5 +/- 0.35, and 3.62 to 3.66% under the atlas variants. The paper's own inputs in data.mat give 3.47% (this port of computeProbAdjacency agrees with data.mat's adjacency on 98.9% of entries). The Methods share of neighboring pairs closer in color than 1/3, now a variant, is 21.50% on the head atlas and on data.mat alike. What the answer changed. The first run tested the claims file's earlier criterion, which took the Methods share as the main result, and recorded not_reproduced (21.50%) with a question to a reader. The reader amended the claim (questions/000715.yaml), so that the code's mean shortfall decides it and the share is a variant, and the statement now reads "theoretical color margin violation of 3.5%". Under the amended claim the same numbers give reproduced. Pooled head and tail cannot be tested; the head-only reading is one the criterion names.

    How the test differed from the paper’s method

    • Head atlas only; the tails are not in the dandiset.
    • Six atlas neurons (AMSOL, AMSOR, DA2, DB3, HMC, VD3) have no NeuroPAL color in data.mat and are left out.
    • The random samples of computeProbAdjacency use numpy with seed 1, not MATLAB's rng(1).

Partially reproduced3

  • Partially reproducedResults, Variability in Neuronal Cell Body Positions, paragraph 2; Figures 2C and 2Dverifier disagreed at firstrests on an assumption

    In a probabilistic atlas built from 10 young-adult NeuroPAL worms, the positional variability of cell bodies differs across neuron types.

    This map revealed different positional variability across neuron types

    Results, Variability in Neuronal Cell Body Positions, paragraph 2; Figures 2C and 2D

    Head atlas of 198 neurons fit on the ten heads. Among the 191 neurons named in at least eight worms the largest per-neuron positional standard deviation is 36.1, 21.2 and 13.1 times the smallest along the three principal axes of the atlas means (13.6 against 0.38 um along the major axis), and the 90th over 10th percentile ratios are 8.3, 3.2 and 3.7. Every variant of the atlas fit (two other initial worms, 5 or 100 alternations, no gauge, the forward regression of equation 4.11) gives ratios of 9.39 or more along every axis. The criterion asks for the difference within the head and within the tail; the head half holds and the tail half cannot be tested, as the dandiset holds no tails, so the claim is reproduced only in part. The first record gave reproduced for the head; the outcome was changed after the verifier's round 1.

    How the test differed from the paper’s method

    • Head only. The dandiset holds the heads of the ten worms; their tails are on the paper's Zenodo record and were not used, since the claims file assigns this claim to the dataset.
    • Assumption. Algorithm 4 of Methods S1 as written (equations 4.13 to 4.16) does not converge on these data, because the atlas is defined only up to an affine map and the regression of the atlas means on each worm shrinks it along its minor axes at every alternation (the extents of axes 2 and 3 fall from 22.5 and 15.6 um to 0 by 300 alternations). The atlas is kept in the frame of the initial worm (after each update it is mapped back by the affine map that best fits its means to that worm's neurons) and stopped after 20 alternations, where the position block has settled. This keeps Algorithm 4's alternation and its initialisation at one worm, and is the smallest change that gives a stable atlas; variants are shown and agree, including the forward regression of equation 4.11.
    • Colors are read from the volumes as Methods S1 Figure 6.2 describes (median of the z-scored image in a 1.5 x 1.5 x 0.75 um patch, CELL_ID patch_hsize [3, 3, 0]), as the files hold no per-neuron colors.
    • Neurons missing from a worm (the dandiset names 186 to 193 per head, against 195 in the paper) are left out of that worm's alignment and moments, and a ridge of 0.01 um^2 is added to every covariance (a standard choice) so that the 7 neurons named in fewer than 8 worms have an invertible covariance. The ridge bounds each standard deviation below by 0.1 um, which sets the smallest values of the all-neuron table; the table of neurons named in at least 8 worms, which decides the claim, is not affected.
  • Partially reproducedMethods S1, section 6.5, Figure 6.9verifier disagreed at firstrests on an assumption

    Annotating the most uncertain neurons first raises identification accuracy much faster than annotating neurons in random order, in head and tail.

    Figure 6.9 shows that following this strategy, the accuracy increases much faster ... than by a random recommendation

    Methods S1, section 6.5, Figure 6.9

    Head only. With the most uncertain neurons annotated first, the mean accuracy over worms is above the mean of 100 random orders at all 50 annotation counts, under both rankings and all three alignments, and its mean over 1 to 50 annotations is higher (68.0 against 62.4% with the CELL_ID alignment and entropy ranking, 52.2 against 48.5% with Algorithm 5, 86.8 against 79.0% with the rotated starts). At 50 annotations it is 79.1 against 69.5% with the CELL_ID alignment; at 8, 58.8 against 57.3% (43.0 against 42.1% with Algorithm 5, 79.3 against 76.0% with the rotated starts). The criterion asks for this in head and tail; the head half holds and the tail half cannot be tested, so the claim is reproduced only in part. The statement's "much faster" is a gap of 3.5 to 7.8 points between the means over the range and 1 to 3 points at eight annotations. The first record gave reproduced for the head; the outcome was changed after the verifier's round 1.

    How the test differed from the paper’s method

    • Head only; the tails are not in the dandiset.
    • Rests on the identifications of fig7bc-identification-accuracy and its atlas assumption.
  • Partially reproducedMethods S1, section 6.2, Figure 6.3

    The automatic neuron detection (matching pursuit) reaches 80% accuracy in the head and 88% in the tail, at 191 and 44 detections, with precision and recall both about 90% in the head and 93% in the tail.

    As shown in figures 6.3 our algorithm reaches the accuracy of 80% in head and 88% in tail. This occurs when we find K = 191 and K = 44 neurons in head and tail in which case we get similar precision and recall values that are both equal to 90% and 93% in head and tail respectively.

    Methods S1, section 6.2, Figure 6.3

    Head only, K = 191 on each of the ten heads, against all 189 to 196 stored neurons. Mean accuracy 71.0% (SD 4.6, per head 64.4 to 80.3%), just below 72 to 88%; mean precision 83.4% and recall 82.5%, inside 81 to 99%. Against the named neurons only, 70.6, 82.5 and 82.8%. SLSQP reported success in 2,043 of the 2,064 Gaussian fits in this run. Whether MATLAB's fmincon would place the detections differently, which could move the accuracy across its bound, is not measured; scipy's trust-constr optimiser was tried while preparing and was too slow for the notebook, so it is not run here. The tail values cannot be tested.

    How the test differed from the paper’s method

    • Head only; the tails are not in the dandiset.
    • The detection is a Python port of CELL_ID (Preprocess.filter_gut_lysosomes, AutoDetect.detect and fit_gaussian) with its default parameters (minimum eigenvalue 0.1, exclusion radius 1.5 um, eigenvalue bounds 0.01 to 5, detection at 0.4 um). fmincon (interior point) is replaced by scipy's SLSQP with the same bounds and constraints, MATLAB's imresize3 by scikit-image's resize with antialiasing, and the in-plane Gaussian blur of imgaussfilt by scipy's filter. Any of these can shift detections.
    • Whether the paper's hand annotations include the stored neurons that have no name is not said; both are shown.

Not reproduced3

  • Not reproducedResults, Semi-automated Neuronal Identification, paragraph 2; Figures 7B and 7C; Methods S1 section 6.3, Figure 6.4rests on an assumption

    Unsupervised identification of neurons against the statistical atlas of NeuroPAL colors and positions is 86% accurate in the head and 94% in the tail, cross-validated.

    Accuracy was 86% for the head and 94% for the tail.

    Results, Semi-automated Neuronal Identification, paragraph 2; Figures 7B and 7C; Methods S1 section 6.3, Figure 6.4

    Head only. On the named annotated neurons (reading a) Algorithm 5 as written gives 39.05, 39.04, 51.80 and 51.76% (mean per worm and pooled, per neuron and by class for left/right pairs) and the CELL_ID alignment 55.00 to 63.25%. On the automatic detections of ms1-detection-accuracy (reading b), with 82.8% of the named neurons matched to a detection, Algorithm 5 gives 21.4 to 27.6% and the CELL_ID alignment 24.8 to 30.7%. No reading of the paper's two alignments reaches 77.4%, so their outcomes agree; the atlas variants give 38.7 to 67.0% with them. The files record no orientation, and the five heads imaged in dorsal-ventral view (subject names ending DV) are stored rotated by 92.6 to 102.7 degrees about the long axis relative to the atlas (rotation part of the alignment by true correspondences), against 1.8 to 12.9 degrees for the left-right heads. Algorithm 5's identity start gives 9.6% on average on the DV heads and 68.5% on the LR heads. The CELL_ID rotation search re-runs the principal-axis fit after each rotation, as CELL_ID does, so its 52 candidates give 4 distinct starts. Started from the identity and from rotations of 90, 180 and 270 degrees about the long axis, keeping the run with the lowest assignment cost (a variant, not the paper's method), Algorithm 5 gives 74.75, 74.67, 77.38 and 77.30%, all below 77.4% (81.0% on the DV heads, 68.5% on the LR heads); the highest, 77.38% by class with the mean over worms, misses the bound by 0.02 points. Under the four atlas variants this rotated start gives 73.0 to 79.4% by class and 68.1 to 70.8% per neuron. Both class readings are inside the tolerance with 5 alternations (79.40 and 79.35%) and with the other initial worm (78.76 and 78.72%), only the mean-per-worm class reading with no gauge (77.43%, pooled 77.35%), and neither with 100 alternations; no per-neuron reading is inside under any variant. With orientation undone, which the paper's method does not do here, the outcome would turn on the atlas fit and the reading by a few hundredths of a point. Aligning each held-out worm by its true correspondences (not the paper's method) gives 77.72 to 80.22%, so even a perfect alignment of this atlas lies at the lower edge of the tolerance. Algorithm 5 converged in every worm under both starts. The tail value (94%) cannot be tested.

    How the test differed from the paper’s method

    • Head only; the tails are not in the dandiset.
    • The atlas fit rests on the assumption stated under fig2cd-variability-differs.
    • The CELL_ID variant makes the worm's principal-axis frame a proper rotation before the search, so that no candidate is a mirror image (CELL_ID rejects mirror solutions, and with an improper frame every candidate was rejected); CELL_ID's atlas is centred on its principal axes, so ours is expressed in its own principal-axis frame for this variant. Its search over theta is ported as written and has no effect (see notes).
    • A variant not in the paper starts Algorithm 5 from four rotations about the long axis, because the files carry no orientation and half the heads are stored in another one; it uses no annotations. It changes no outcome on the main atlas (see notes for the atlas variants).
    • Two named neurons of one held-out worm whose names are not in the nine-worm atlas count as wrong.
    • The detection behind reading b is a Python port (see ms1-detection-accuracy).
  • Not reproducedResults, Semi-automated Neuronal Identification, paragraph 2; Figure 7B; Methods S1 section 6.5, Figure 6.9rests on an assumption

    Manually annotating eight neurons, chosen by the software as the least certain, raises head identification accuracy above 90% on average.

    Adding eight manual annotations, on average, brings the head accuracy above 90%

    Results, Semi-automated Neuronal Identification, paragraph 2; Figure 7B; Methods S1 section 6.5, Figure 6.9

    After eight annotations of the least certain neurons, the mean head accuracy over held-out worms is 43.0 (highest entropy, given as measured) and 43.1% (lowest top probability) with Algorithm 5, from 39.1%, and 58.8 and 58.7% with the CELL_ID alignment, from 55.0%; over the unannotated neurons only 40.5 to 57.0%. No held-out worm exceeds 90% with these alignments (the best worm reaches 83.0% with Algorithm 5 and 86.2 to 86.7% with the CELL_ID alignment). With the rotated starts of fig7bc-identification-accuracy (not the paper's method) it is 79.3 and 78.4%, from 74.8%, with one worm above 90% (91.5%, entropy ranking).

    How the test differed from the paper’s method

    • Runs on the leave-one-out identifications of fig7bc-identification-accuracy, and so rests on the same atlas assumption.
  • Not reproducedResults, Semi-automated Neuronal Identification, paragraph 3; Methods S1 section 6.3, Figure 6.5rests on an assumption

    Restricted to neuron positions without color, automated identification accuracy drops to 50% in the head and 68% in the tail, showing the gain from NeuroPAL's colors.

    When we restricted the model to assign identities only on the basis of location, automated accuracy dropped to 50% for the head and 68% for the tail

    Results, Semi-automated Neuronal Identification, paragraph 3; Methods S1 section 6.3, Figure 6.5

    Head only. With positions alone, accuracy is 20.4 to 22.8% with Algorithm 5 and 24.3 to 27.1% with the CELL_ID alignment over the four readings, below 45%; under every reading it is below the full model, as the claim says. With the rotated starts of fig7bc-identification-accuracy, which undo the orientation of the dorsal-ventral heads (not the paper's method), it is 43.1 to 44.0%, still below 45%; under the atlas variants the rotated starts give 45.1 to 46.7% with 5 alternations, the other initial worm and no gauge, inside the tolerance, and 37.8 to 38.8% with 100 alternations. Aligning by the true correspondences (not the paper's method either) gives 48.7 to 49.4%, inside 45 to 55%. The tail value cannot be tested.

    How the test differed from the paper’s method

    • Head only; the tails are not in the dandiset.
    • Same atlas assumption as fig2cd-variability-differs, applied to a position-only atlas.

Blocked2

  • BlockedResults, Semi-automated Neuronal Identification, paragraph 2; Figures 7B and 7C legend· Data missing from the datasetnames its codes from outside the dataset

    Accuracy depends on neuron density; it is high for all tail ganglia and lower for the dense ventral ganglion of the head.

    Accuracy largely depended on neuron density; for example, our pipeline achieved high accuracy for all tail ganglia but lower accuracy for the much denser ventral ganglion in the head.

    Results, Semi-automated Neuronal Identification, paragraph 2; Figures 7B and 7C legend

    The criterion compares every tail ganglion with the head's ventral ganglion, and the dandiset holds no tails. The tail volumes of the same worms are on the paper's Zenodo record (doi:10.5281/zenodo.3906530); the claims file assigns the claim to the dataset with labels, so they were not used. It also depends on fig7bc-identification-accuracy, which was not reproduced. The head part the criterion asks to report is shown, with ganglia from the CELL_ID neuron tables (Data/NeuroPAL/herm_data.mat). The ventral ganglion has the lowest pooled accuracy of the seven head ganglia under every alignment (12.9% with Algorithm 5, 22.1% with the CELL_ID alignment, 29.3% with the rotated starts, 31.6% with the true correspondences; the other six range from 39.7 to 63.1% with Algorithm 5 and from 62.9 to 96.9% with the rotated starts). By median distance to the nearest atlas neuron (1.87 um) it is the second densest head ganglion after the dorsal ganglion (1.56 um, 6 neurons), and the third by neurons per convex-hull volume; across the seven head ganglia accuracy does not follow density (Spearman rho -0.25 to 0.04).

  • BlockedMethods S1, section 6.4, Figure 6.8· Methods underspecified

    The identification's confidence is calibrated; per-neuron confidence and accuracy largely agree in head and tail.

    Figure 6.8 shows that confidence and accuracy ... are largely in good agreement, as desired

    Methods S1, section 6.4, Figure 6.8

    The criterion's two readings disagree, which it says blocks the claim. Reading a holds in every run (Spearman rho 0.51 to 0.70 between per-neuron confidence and accuracy, p 2.1e-14 or lower, 198 neurons); reading b fails in every run (confidence averages 87.1 to 89.4% and accuracy 37.9 to 61.8%, a mean absolute difference of 27.8 to 49.2 points against a bound of 10). With the rotated starts of fig7bc-identification-accuracy (not the paper's method) rho is 0.81 to 0.82 and the difference 16.3 to 17.7 points, so the readings still disagree. The overconfidence follows from the low identification accuracy of fig7bc-identification-accuracy. The paper gives no measure of agreement; the question is recorded as a finding for its authors. Head only.

Whole-brain activity findings of Yemini et al. (2021) from the paper's Zenodo record 5

Notebook wholebrain_zenodo.ipynb

Reproduced2

  • ReproducedResults, Whole-Brain Activity Imaging of Gustatory and Olfactory Responses, paragraph 3; Figure 6Ddata in Zenodo doi:10.5281/zenodo.3906530 (whole-brain recordings and traces, Table S6)

    NaCl (160 mM) evokes left/right asymmetric responses in the ASE neurons, with ASER increasing its calcium.

    NaCl evoked stereotyped left/right (L/R) asymmetric responses in the two ASE neurons. However, ASER exhibited an increase in [Ca 2+ ] upon NaCl presentation

    Results, Whole-Brain Activity Imaging of Gustatory and Olfactory Responses, paragraph 3; Figure 6D

    What the paper reports

    • two-tailed two-sample (unpaired) t test between left and right neurons, p < 0.05

    On the Zenodo record (21 OH16230 heads, histogram-normalised traces), ASEL's mean change from the 10 s before NaCl to the 10 s of NaCl is 1.01 and ASER's 0.42; the two-tailed unpaired t test gives t = 3.82, p = 0.00046 (21 against 21). ASER rises in 14 of 21 worms (one-sample p = 0.0032). With similar neurons removed (both members) p = 0.0019 (17 against 17) and ASER rises by 0.46; with one member removed the numbers are those without removal.

    How the test differed from the paper’s method

    • The response is the mean during the stimulus minus the mean of the identical period before it, as the STAR Methods define a response; the asymmetry test is applied to these changes.
  • ReproducedResults, Whole-Brain Activity Imaging of Gustatory and Olfactory Responses, paragraph 3; Figures 6C to 6Frests on an assumptiondata in Zenodo doi:10.5281/zenodo.3906530

    NaCl evokes significant responses in six interneurons with no previously known function, AIN, AVF, AVH, AVJ, I2 and MI.

    In particular, we detected significant NaCl responses in six interneurons with no previously known function ... AIN, AVF, AVH, AVJ, I2, and MI.

    Results, Whole-Brain Activity Imaging of Gustatory and Olfactory Responses, paragraph 3; Figures 6C to 6F

    AIN, AVF, AVH, AVJ, I2 and MI all respond to NaCl with q of at most 0.05 (paired two-tailed t test of the stimulus against the period before, Storey q-values over the tested neurons) under the three readings of the removal of similar neurons; the largest q is 0.041 (AVF, no removal) and 0.039 (AVJ, both members removed). All six rise. Storey's pi0 for the head's NaCl tests is 0.45 to 0.47 at lambda = 0.5; the bootstrap choice of lambda over 0.01 to 0.95 (Storey 2002, the default of MATLAB's mafdr) gives pi0 of 0.40 to 0.43 and a largest q of 0.033 to 0.038, so the outcome holds under both estimates. With pi0 = 1, the Benjamini-Hochberg bound and not Storey's method, AVF and AVJ have q of 0.062 to 0.088 under every reading.

    How the test differed from the paper’s method

    • Storey's pi0 is estimated at lambda = 0.5, a standard choice the paper does not give; the bootstrap choice of lambda (MATLAB mafdr's default) and pi0 = 1 are shown.

Not reproduced1

  • Not reproducedResults, Whole-Brain Activity Imaging of Gustatory and Olfactory Responses, paragraph 5; Figures S1G and S1Hrests on an assumptiondata in Zenodo doi:10.5281/zenodo.3906530

    In many animals AVF shows robust cyclical activity of about 0.3 Hz throughout the recording, regardless of stimuli, similar to the strain's crawling frequency.

    the pair of AVF interneurons displayed robust cyclical activity for the entire 4-min recording, irrespective of delivery of gustatory or olfactory stimuli. The frequency of this activity was ~0.3 Hz

    Results, Whole-Brain Activity Imaging of Gustatory and Olfactory Responses, paragraph 5; Figures S1G and S1H

    Over 31 AVF traces from 18 heads, the median rate of peaks in traces median filtered at 0.5 s is 0.197, 0.109 and 0.071 per second at prominences of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 standard deviations (the first given as measured), and the median frequency of the largest spectral power is 0.19 Hz; 1 (peak count) and 3 (spectrum) of 31 traces fall in 0.27 to 0.33 Hz. The paper's five worms are not named, so a subset near 0.3 Hz is not excluded.

    How the test differed from the paper’s method

    • Assumption. Figure S1H does not give its peak rule; peaks are counted with scipy's find_peaks at three prominences, and the spectral peak is shown as a check.
    • The 0.5 s median filter is 2 samples at 4 Hz; the median filter needs an odd window, so 3 samples (0.75 s) are used. All 31 AVF traces from 18 worms are pooled, as the five worms of Figure S1H are not named.

Blocked2

  • BlockedResults, Whole-Brain Activity Imaging of Gustatory and Olfactory Responses, paragraph 4; Figures 6C to 6F· Methods underspecifiedverifier disagreed at firstdata in Zenodo doi:10.5281/zenodo.3906530

    The sets of responding neurons overlap but differ by stimulus; ASJ is excited by NaCl and inhibited by both odors, and RIC is excited only by 2,3-pentanedione.

    For example, the ASJ sensory neurons were excited by NaCl but inhibited by both odors, whereas the RIC interneurons were excited solely by 2,3-pentanedione.

    Results, Whole-Brain Activity Imaging of Gustatory and Olfactory Responses, paragraph 4; Figures 6C to 6F

    The outcome depends on whether both members of a pair of similar neurons (within 5 um, traces correlated at 0.95 or more) were removed, which the paper does not say. Without removal, and with one member removed, both statements hold. ASJ is excited by NaCl (q 0.0013 and 0.0017) and inhibited by 2-butanone (q 0.0009 and 0.0014) and 2,3-pentanedione (q 0.019 and 0.033); RIC is excited by 2,3-pentanedione (q 0.0044 and 0.019) and not by NaCl (q 0.065 and 0.054) or 2-butanone. With both members removed, ASJ's fall with 2,3-pentanedione is not significant (mean change -0.091, q 0.063) and RIC also responds to NaCl (q 0.044). Removing both drops 647 of 3,550 head traces, removing one 353. The responding sets overlap and differ under every reading (9 or 10 of 60 to 65 responding neurons respond to all three stimuli). With the bootstrap choice of Storey's lambda the pattern is the same (RIC to NaCl q 0.060 without removal and 0.049 with one member removed; with both removed ASJ to 2,3-pentanedione q 0.055 and RIC to NaCl q 0.037). The first record took removal of both members as an assumption and gave not_reproduced; after the verifier's round 1 no reading is held to be better supported than the others, so the claim is blocked with the result of every reading shown. The question is recorded as a finding for the paper's authors.

    How the test differed from the paper’s method

    • The STAR Methods remove neurons within 5 um whose traces correlate at 0.95 or more ("were deemed too similar and removed") without saying whether both members of a pair go; the record's README says they are kept in the files. All three readings are run. The correlation is taken on the dF/F0 traces.
    • Storey's pi0 at lambda = 0.5, a standard choice; the bootstrap choice of lambda and pi0 = 1 are shown.
  • BlockedResults, Whole-Brain Activity Imaging of Gustatory and Olfactory Responses, paragraph 4; Table S6· Methods underspecifiedverifier disagreed at firstdata in Zenodo doi:10.5281/zenodo.3906530

    In the tail, PVQ is significantly excited by 2,3-pentanedione, and sensory and interneurons show significant post-stimulus responses to all three stimuli.

    In the tail, the PVQ interneurons were significantly excited upon presentation of 2,3-pentanedione, while a mix of sensory and interneurons exhibited significant post-stimulus responses

    Results, Whole-Brain Activity Imaging of Gustatory and Olfactory Responses, paragraph 4; Table S6

    The outcome depends on the removal of similar neurons, which the paper leaves open. On the 21 tails, PVQ is excited by 2,3-pentanedione under every reading (mean change 0.048 to 0.049, q 0.0006 to 0.0008) and by neither other stimulus. Post-stimulus responders exist for all three stimuli without removal (NaCl LUA, PHB, PVW; 2-butanone LUA, PHA, PHB, PVR; 2,3-pentanedione eleven neurons) and with one member removed (NaCl LUA only), but with both members removed none remains for NaCl. So the claim holds in full on the criterion under two of the three readings and in part under the third, and by the rule the notebook states and applies to fig6de-asj-ric-stimulus-specific it is blocked with every result shown. The first record gave partially reproduced, the outcome every reading supports; the change was proposed after round 2 and agreed in round 3. Removing both drops 161 of 797 tail traces. With the bootstrap choice of Storey's lambda the pattern is the same (no NaCl responder with both members removed), though the bootstrap gives pi0 = 0 for some of the tail's small sets of tests. Which responders are sensory and which interneurons was not tested, as neither the record nor the claims file gives neuron types.

    How the test differed from the paper’s method

    • Same open detail on the removal of similar neurons as fig6de-asj-ric-stimulus-specific; all three readings are run.
    • The post-stimulus window is the 10 s after the stimulus, the stimulus length; the paper does not give it.

Optimal coloring of Yemini et al. (2021) on the atlas of dandiset 000715 1

Notebook optimal_coloring.ipynb

Blocked1

  • BlockedResults, An Optimal-Coloring Algorithm for Other Tissues and Model Organisms, paragraph 3; Figures 7D and 7E; Methods S2 Figure 1· Methods underspecifiedquestion to the readeruses data from outside the dataset

    The optimal-coloring algorithm, using WormBase reporters, finds NeuroPAL alternatives with 1.7% color violations with 39 reporters and 10.5% when restricted to 3 reporters.

    In our simulations, we achieve color violations of 1.7% when using 39 reporters and 10.5% when restricting the solution to only 3 reporters

    Results, An Optimal-Coloring Algorithm for Other Tissues and Model Organisms, paragraph 3; Figures 7D and 7E; Methods S2 Figure 1

    On the neighbors of ms2-neuropal-color-violations (dandiset head atlas, 192 neurons, 543 Brain Atlas reporters with distinct patterns over them), the best of 10,000 runs at sparsity 100 has a mean shortfall of 1.71 to 1.72% (27 to 30 reporters kept), inside 1.7 +/- 0.17; the best run keeping exactly 39 reporters (189 to 205 runs) has 1.83 to 1.86%, also inside. These values differ in the second decimal between machines with the same seeds; the ranges are those of the runs made for this attempt. The sparsity for 3 reporters is not given, and the criterion's reading, the sparsity whose solutions use 3 reporters, fits 1500, 2000 and 3000 of the scan, where most runs keep 3 reporters (95, 94 and 89 of 100). With the criterion's 7,500 runs the best 3-reporter value is 6.95% at 1500 (7,106 runs with 3 reporters) and 8.38% at 2000 (7,020 runs), below 9.45 to 11.55, and 9.90% at 3000 (6,253 runs, none below 9.45%), inside it (optimal_coloring_sparsity.ipynb); at 1000 the best of 1,000 runs (561 with 3 reporters) is 7.83%. The 39-reporter value is inside the tolerance under every reading. The outcome would be partially reproduced at 1500 and 2000 and reproduced at 3000, and no sparsity is better supported than the others, so the claim is blocked with every result shown, by the rule this attempt applies to fig6de-asj-ric-stimulus-specific. The first record gave partially reproduced at 1500; the change was proposed after round 2 and agreed in round 3. The 3-reporter solutions take few values (5th percentile 9.90% at 1500), so the best of fewer runs lands in the tolerance, in 95% of random subsets of 10 runs, 66% of 100 and 1% of 1,000. On the paper's own adjacency in data.mat (235 neurons, 654 unique reporters as the paper states, 1,000 runs each) the best is 1.74 to 1.81% at sparsity 100 (1.99 to 2.03% for exactly 39 reporters) and 8.71% for 3 reporters. The Methods share, a variant, is 13.65% and 20.84% for the two best head-atlas solutions. What the answer changed. The amended criterion takes the code's mean shortfall as the measure, in place of the Methods share. The first run had blocked this claim (not_runnable) because scipy cannot read the MATLAB table holding the reporters; the author-answers run read it with mat-io and ported the solver. A question is recorded for a reader on whether the 3-reporter value is the best of 7,500 runs of this one setting, as the criterion reads it, or of the part of the paper's 7,500 simulations that had this setting (Methods S2 Figure 1 and Figure 6 legends), since with fewer runs the best falls in the tolerance.

    How the test differed from the paper’s method

    • Head atlas only (192 neurons); the paper used 235 head and tail neurons. The paper's own adjacency is run as a reference with 1,000 runs per setting, not 10,000 and 7,500.
    • optimal_color_solver.m ported to Python and run on many random starts at once; starts are drawn with numpy, not MATLAB's rand, and the loop over neighbors uses squared distances over the nonzero entries of A, which gives the code's updates up to rounding.
    • Three intensities taken as the margin of 1/3, from Methods S2 section 4.2 ("1/3 as our minimum color margin (corresponding to discriminating 3 levels of color intensity)"); 300 iterations from optimal_color_parameters.m and Methods S2 section 4.2 ("300 iterations in total").
    • The solution kept from a set of runs is the one with the fewest violations, from the Methods S2 Figure 1 legend ("chosen as those with the minimal color violations, among 10,000 simulations"); each solution's colors and kept reporters follow find_optimal_colors.m (Otsu threshold on X, colors scaled by each channel's maximum).
    • The sparsity for 3 reporters is not given by the paper; it was chosen as the value of a scan (250, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 3000; 100 runs each) whose runs most often keep 3 reporters, as the criterion reads it. Sparsities 2000 and 3000 were also run with 7,500 runs each, and 1000 with 1,000 runs, in optimal_coloring_sparsity.ipynb, a notebook of its own to keep each within its time limit.

Not tested in a notebook 16

16 other

Blocked16

  • BlockedResults, Empirical Assembly of NeuroPAL, paragraph 2; Figure 1E· Otherdata in Verified in hundreds of animals crossed to 25 GFP reporter lines (Table S1, NeuroPAL manuals at hobertlab.org); these images are not deposited in any archive the paper names

    A transgene of 41 reporter-fluorophore fusions gives a stereotyped color map with which every neuron of the C. elegans hermaphrodite can be identified, each distinguishable from its neighbors by color.

    The final transgene, composed of 41 different reporter-fluorophore fusions, allowed us to unambiguously assign identities to every neuron in C. elegans based on a stereotyped color map

    Results, Empirical Assembly of NeuroPAL, paragraph 2; Figure 1E

    The claims file marks the data as elsewhere but says they are in no public archive; this check does not accept data_missing for such a claim, so it is blocked as other. The claims file states the images (hundreds of animals crossed to 25 reporter lines) are not deposited in any archive the paper names; none were found. The dandiset's ten heads bear on it only through the atlas claims.

  • BlockedResults, Neuronal Color Verification and Phenotypic Assessment of NeuroPAL Strains, paragraph 1· Otherdata in Scored over hundreds of animals, not deposited in any archive the paper names

    The NeuroPAL expression pattern is stable and stereotyped, except that four neuron classes (AVL, RIM, RIS and PVW) vary in brightness.

    A minor exception was four neuron classes that exhibited variable brightness (AVL, RIM, RIS, and PVW).

    Results, Neuronal Color Verification and Phenotypic Assessment of NeuroPAL Strains, paragraph 1

    The claims file marks the data as elsewhere but says they are in no public archive; this check does not accept data_missing for such a claim, so it is blocked as other. The scoring of hundreds of animals is not given as data and is not deposited anywhere the paper names.

  • BlockedResults, Neuronal Color Verification and Phenotypic Assessment of NeuroPAL Strains, paragraph 2; Figures S1A to S1G; Table S2· Otherdata in Phenotyping data (Table S2, not in the text read) are not deposited in any archive the paper names

    Of the NeuroPAL integrants, otIs669 (OH15262) is the brightest, and otIs670 (OH15263) has locomotion and chemotaxis closest to wild type.

    The brightest integrant was otls669 (strain OH15262). The integrant with locomotion and chemotactic behavior closest to wild-type, otls670 (strain OH15263), is less bright

    Results, Neuronal Color Verification and Phenotypic Assessment of NeuroPAL Strains, paragraph 2; Figures S1A to S1G; Table S2

    The claims file marks the data as elsewhere but says they are in no public archive; this check does not accept data_missing for such a claim, so it is blocked as other. The phenotyping data (Table S2) are not deposited in any archive the paper names, and the table was not available to this run.

  • BlockedResults, Expression Maps for All Metabotropic Neurotransmitter Receptors, paragraph 2; Figure 4C· Otherdata in Expression scored from reporter crosses (Figure 3, Table S4, not in the text read); the images are not deposited in any archive the paper names

    Metabotropic acetylcholine, glutamate and GABA receptors are expressed in 97% of all neurons; 70% express GARs, 54% MGLs and 89% GBBs.

    we find that these receptors are expressed in 97% of all neurons ... 70% express GARs, 54% express MGLs, and 89% express GBBs

    Results, Expression Maps for All Metabotropic Neurotransmitter Receptors, paragraph 2; Figure 4C

    Needs Table S4, a supplementary spreadsheet of the paper that was not supplied to this run (the claims file says it was not in the text read); the reporter images are not deposited anywhere the paper names. Not attempted.

  • BlockedResults, Expression Maps for All Metabotropic Neurotransmitter Receptors, paragraph 3; Figures 4B and 4G· Otherdata in Table S4 (not in the text read) with the connectome of Cook et al. 2019 (doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1352-7) and GABA-A expression of Gendrel et al. 2016

    Every postsynaptic partner of every GABA-releasing neuron expresses a GABA-B receptor, whereas only 60% express a GABA-A receptor.

    We found that every postsynaptic partner of every GABA-releasing neuron expresses one of the two GABA B receptors. In contrast, only 60% of postsynaptic partners of GABAergic neurons express any of the seven GABA A receptors

    Results, Expression Maps for All Metabotropic Neurotransmitter Receptors, paragraph 3; Figures 4B and 4G

    Needs Table S4, not supplied to this run, and the connectome of Cook et al. 2019, which was not pinned here. Not attempted.

  • BlockedResults, Expression Maps for All Metabotropic Neurotransmitter Receptors, paragraph 3; Figure 4D; Discussion, paragraph 3· Otherdata in Table S4 (not in the text read) with the connectome of Cook et al. 2019 (doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1352-7)

    76% of postsynaptic partners of cholinergic neurons express GAR receptors and 66% of postsynaptic partners of glutamatergic neurons express MGL receptors; metabotropic receptors can take part in 75% of all synaptic connections from neurotransmitter-releasing neurons.

    76% of the postsynaptic partners of cholinergic neurons express GAR receptors, and 66% of the postsynaptic partners of glutamatergic neurons express MGL receptors

    Results, Expression Maps for All Metabotropic Neurotransmitter Receptors, paragraph 3; Figure 4D; Discussion, paragraph 3

    Needs Table S4, not supplied to this run, and the connectome of Cook et al. 2019. Not attempted.

  • BlockedResults, Expression Maps for All Metabotropic Neurotransmitter Receptors, paragraph 4; Figure 4E· Otherdata in Table S4 (not in the text read) with the connectome of Cook et al. 2019 (doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1352-7)

    Many receptor-expressing neurons have no presynaptic partner releasing the cognate transmitter (31% of GABA-A and 37% of GABA-B expressing neurons; 3% of GAR and 10% of MGL expressing neurons), and 92% of neurons express GABA receptors while 10% release GABA, suggesting widespread extrasynaptic signaling.

    31% of GABA A and 37% of GABA B receptor-expressing neurons have no presynaptic GABAergic partner. Moreover, we found 92% of all neurons express GABA receptors, and yet only 10% of neurons release GABA.

    Results, Expression Maps for All Metabotropic Neurotransmitter Receptors, paragraph 4; Figure 4E

    Needs Table S4, not supplied to this run, and the connectome of Cook et al. 2019. Not attempted.

  • BlockedResults, Expression Maps for All Metabotropic Neurotransmitter Receptors, paragraph 4; Figure 4F· Otherdata in Table S4 (not in the text read) with the connectome of Cook et al. 2019

    Sensory neurons are the most prominent recipients of the putative extrasynaptic communication.

    Notably, sensory neurons appear to be the most prominent recipients of extrasynaptic communication

    Results, Expression Maps for All Metabotropic Neurotransmitter Receptors, paragraph 4; Figure 4F

    Needs Table S4, not supplied to this run, and the connectome of Cook et al. 2019. Not attempted.

  • BlockedResults, Uncovering Determinants of Cell Fate, paragraph 1; Figures 5A and 5B· Otherdata in Mutant scores in Table S5 (not in the text read); images not deposited in any archive the paper names

    In pag-3 null mutants the NeuroPAL color codes of VA and VB motor neurons are absent, and the AVE and PVR interneurons change color.

    As predicted, the color codes that identify the VA and VB cell types in NeuroPAL are absent in pag-3 mutants ... Unexpectedly, we also found color changes in the AVE and PVR interneurons caused by pag-3 mutation.

    Results, Uncovering Determinants of Cell Fate, paragraph 1; Figures 5A and 5B

    What the paper reports

    • PVR, VA2 and VB3 changes in two pag-3 alleles: one-sided Fisher's exact test, p < 0.05, Bonferroni, eight tests-corrected
    • AVE changes scored 0, 1 or 2: one-sided rank sum test, p < 0.05, Bonferroni, eight tests-corrected

    The claims file marks the data as elsewhere but says they are in no public archive; this check does not accept data_missing for such a claim, so it is blocked as other. The mutant images and scores (Table S5) are not deposited in any archive the paper names.

  • BlockedResults, Uncovering Determinants of Cell Fate, paragraph 1; Figure 5C· Otherdata in Images not deposited in any archive the paper names; Table S5 not in the text read

    A pag-3 fosmid reporter is expressed in neurons not previously reported, including AVE and PVR.

    By checking a fosmid-based reporter, we discovered pag-3 expression in neurons that had gone previously unidentified, including AVE and PVR

    Results, Uncovering Determinants of Cell Fate, paragraph 1; Figure 5C

    The claims file marks the data as elsewhere but says they are in no public archive; this check does not accept data_missing for such a claim, so it is blocked as other. The reporter images are not deposited in any archive the paper names.

  • BlockedResults, Uncovering Determinants of Cell Fate, paragraph 2; Figures 5E to 5G· Otherdata in Mutant scores in Table S5 (not in the text read); images not deposited in any archive the paper names

    In eor-1 null mutants the dorsal and ventral RME neurons lose all blue NeuroPAL color and UNC-25/GAD reporter expression but keep the panneuronal label, while RMEL/R are unchanged and UNC-47/VGAT expression is not affected.

    The dorsal and ventral RME neurons (RMED/V) lost all their blue coloring but retained their panneuronal label ... In contrast, the left and right RME neurons (RMEL/R) exhibited no changes in their color codes.

    Results, Uncovering Determinants of Cell Fate, paragraph 2; Figures 5E to 5G

    What the paper reports

    • loss of RMED/V blue coloring in two eor-1 alleles: one-sided Fisher's exact test, p < 0.05, Bonferroni, eight tests-corrected
    • RMED/V UNC-25 reporter expression scored 0, 1 or 2: one-sided rank sum test, p < 0.05, Bonferroni, eight tests-corrected

    The claims file marks the data as elsewhere but says they are in no public archive; this check does not accept data_missing for such a claim, so it is blocked as other. The mutant images and scores (Table S5) are not deposited in any archive the paper names.

  • BlockedResults, Whole-Brain Activity Imaging of Gustatory and Olfactory Responses, paragraph 4; Figure 6D· Otherdata in Zenodo doi:10.5281/zenodo.3906530

    2-butanone and 2,3-pentanedione evoke stochastically asymmetric responses in the AWC ON/OFF pair.

    2-butanone and 2,3-pentanedione evoked stochastically asymmetric responses in the AWC ON/OFF neuron pair

    Results, Whole-Brain Activity Imaging of Gustatory and Olfactory Responses, paragraph 4; Figure 6D

    The criterion says only that the claim is not tested on the dandiset and gives no test for "stochastically asymmetric" responses; with the run's time spent on the dandiset's claims no criterion was derived from the paper. The data are on the Zenodo record (is_AWCL_OFF gives the ON/OFF assignment per worm).

  • BlockedResults, Whole-Brain Activity Imaging of Gustatory and Olfactory Responses, paragraph 4; Figure 6C· Otherdata in Zenodo doi:10.5281/zenodo.3906530

    Odors evoke responses across many sensory and interneurons but with more inhibitory (decreasing calcium) activity than NaCl.

    We found that odors also evoked responses in a large set of both sensory and interneurons, throughout the brain, but exhibited more inhibitory activity (decreasing [Ca 2+ ]) than seen for NaCl

    Results, Whole-Brain Activity Imaging of Gustatory and Olfactory Responses, paragraph 4; Figure 6C

    The claims file gives no criterion ("Not tested on the dandiset") and the paper gives no measure of "more inhibitory activity"; not attempted within the run's time. The data are on the Zenodo record.

  • BlockedResults, Whole-Brain Activity Imaging of Gustatory and Olfactory Responses, paragraph 4; Figure 6F· Otherdata in Zenodo doi:10.5281/zenodo.3906530

    Both salt and odors elicit responses across the pharyngeal nervous system.

    Surprisingly, both salt and odors elicited responses across the pharyngeal nervous system

    Results, Whole-Brain Activity Imaging of Gustatory and Olfactory Responses, paragraph 4; Figure 6F

    The claims file gives no criterion; not attempted within the run's time. The data are on the Zenodo record.

  • BlockedResults, Whole-Brain Neuronal Dynamics and Connectivity, paragraph 1; Figures 6G to 6I, S2C to S2E· Otherdata in Zenodo doi:10.5281/zenodo.3906530

    Pairwise neuronal correlations are similar across individuals for a given stimulus, but each stimulus produces its own brainwide correlation pattern.

    We found similar stimulus-specific neuronal correlations across individuals, but each stimulus generated its own brainwide correlation pattern

    Results, Whole-Brain Neuronal Dynamics and Connectivity, paragraph 1; Figures 6G to 6I, S2C to S2E

    The claims file gives no criterion; not attempted within the run's time. The data are on the Zenodo record.

  • BlockedResults, Whole-Brain Neuronal Dynamics and Connectivity, paragraph 2; Figures 6J and 6K· Otherdata in Zenodo doi:10.5281/zenodo.3906530, with the connectomes of White et al. 1986 and Cook et al. 2019

    Functional correlations between neurons correspond poorly to synapse counts; R squared is 2.8% (head) and 1.7% (tail) for electrical and 0.5% (head) and 1.5% (tail) for chemical connectivity.

    We found low Pearson correlation between these functional and structural matrices. For electrical connectivity, R 2 = 2.8% in the head and R 2 = 1.7% in the tail, and for chemical connectivity, R 2 = 0.5% in the head and R 2 = 1.5% in the tail

    Results, Whole-Brain Neuronal Dynamics and Connectivity, paragraph 2; Figures 6J and 6K

    Needs the connectomes of White et al. 1986 and Cook et al. 2019 as outside inputs, which were not pinned, and the claims file gives no criterion; not attempted within the run's time.

Findings about the data

What attempts found about the dataset itself, for its owner and the archive.

  • Metadata errorEvery file gives strain OH16230 (the NeuroPAL;GCaMP6s strain of the whole-brain recordings), a spinning disk confocal, a worm "in microfluidic chip", birth on 2021-01-05 and imaging on 2021-01-07. The files are the heads of the paper's ten otIs669 (OH15262) atlas worms imaged on a Zeiss LSM 880; the volumes of 7_YAaLR and 76_YAaDV are identical, voxel for voxel, to the Zenodo volumes of those otIs669 worms, and the ten identifiers match.
  • Metadata errorThe third channel is labelled GFP-GCaMP, with GFP emission settings, but its mean is 17,000 to 21,000 in every file, far above the fluorescence channels, and the Zenodo copies mark that channel as the DIC (transmitted light) channel. The worms carry no GCaMP.
  • Data missingThe dandiset holds only the heads. The tails of the same ten worms, used for the paper's tail atlas and tail accuracies, are on the paper's Zenodo record, and so is the whole-brain activity of Figure 6. Nine of the claims tested here need the tails in part or in full.
  • Description missingThe files carry no per-neuron colors (the Zenodo files have a color readout per neuron), no orientation of the worm, and do not say whether the stored voxel indices are 0- or 1-based. The five heads imaged in dorsal-ventral view are stored rotated by about 90 degrees about the long axis relative to the five imaged in left-right view, which only the subject names (ending DV or LR) hint at. Comparison with the Zenodo annotations shows that each stored voxel is the Zenodo position made 0-based and rounded. Colors had to be recomputed from the volumes.
  • Description missing0 to 6 of the 189 to 196 stored neurons per file have an empty name, with no description of what they are; the paper reports 195 annotated head neurons per worm.
  • OtherNeuron names are stored as a ragged array of single characters (ID_labels with ID_labels_index), so each name must be joined from its characters.
  • Identifier missingThe dandiset metadata name no related publication (relatedResource is empty); the description and the files' related_publications give the paper's title only, without a DOI.
  • Methods not availableQuestion for the paper's authors. Algorithm 4 of Methods S1 as written does not converge on these data, because the regression of the atlas means on each worm shrinks the atlas along its minor axes at every alternation. How was the atlas kept from shrinking, and after how many alternations was it stopped? This attempt kept it in the initial worm's frame and stopped after 20 alternations.
  • Methods not availableQuestion for the paper's authors. Algorithm 5 starts the alignment of a held-out worm at the identity, which fails on worms stored in another orientation (5 to 12% accuracy on the five dorsal-ventral heads against an atlas in a left-right worm's frame). How were held-out worms oriented before identification in the cross-validation of Figure 7B-C? Starting from four rotations about the long axis gives 75 to 77% here.
  • Published code disagreesCELL_ID AutoId.local_alignment (d9f5df9) rotates each candidate by theta about the major axis and then runs the principal-axis alignment again, which undoes the rotation, so its search over 26 angles and 2 signs yields 4 distinct starts on the worm checked. The search does not explore rotations about the major axis as the code's loop suggests.
  • Paper inconsistentMethods S2 section 4.3 defines the color violation percentage as the share of neighboring pairs below the discrimination margin, but the reported 3.5% for NeuroPAL is the mean shortfall below the margin computed by find_optimal_colors.m. On the paper's own data.mat the share is 21.5% and the mean shortfall 3.47%.
  • Methods not availableQuestion for the paper's authors. Which sparsity, and how many runs of the 3-color, 3-intensity, 3-reporter setting, gave the 10.5% solution of Figure 7E and Methods S2 Figure 1? The 7,500 simulations of Methods S2 Figure 6 span 2 to 6 colors, 1 to 3 intensities and 2 to 71 reporters. A Python port of the code finds 6.95% as the best of 7,500 runs of that setting on the dandiset's head atlas at sparsity 1500, 8.38% at 2000 and 9.90% at 3000, and values within 10% of 10.5% as the best of 10 to 100 runs at 1500.
  • Methods not availableQuestion for the paper's authors. Methods S1 section 6.4 says confidence and accuracy are "largely in good agreement" without a measure. Which measure of agreement was meant, and which left/right pairs were scored by class under footnote 1?
  • Methods not availableQuestion for the paper's authors, on the Zenodo activity data. When neurons within 5 um had traces correlated at 0.95 or more, were both removed or one, and on which traces? Which window defines the post-stimulus period, which five worms and which peak rule underlie Figure S1H? The outcomes of two claims depend on the first point.

Questions

Where the author or a verifier believed the claims file misread the paper, they asked, citing the paper, and a reader who had not seen the data answered from the paper alone, amending the claims file where it was wrong. The author then ran the claim as answered. Attempts before protocol pilot-11 also asked here for method details the claims file did not give.

  • answered 2026-10-31asked 2026-10-31about ms2-neuropal-color-violations

    The criterion takes the Methods measure (the share of neighboring pairs closer in color than the margin) as the main result and the code's measure (the mean shortfall below the margin over neighboring pairs, find_optimal_colors.m) as a variant. Should the code's measure be the main result, since the paper's own inputs give 3.5% only under it?

    Passage. To evaluate approximately optimal coloring solutions, we measure the percentage of their color violations, defined as neighboring neuron pairs which fall below the discrimination margin ... NeuroPAL, which comprehensively identifies all neuron types, exhibited a theoretical color violation of 3.5%. (Methods S2, section 4.3); find_optimal_colors.m computes sum(max(margin*A - D.*A, 0)) / sum(A) and prints it as the NeuroPAL color margin violation.

    Why it matters. With the paper's own data.mat (its 235-neuron adjacency and the NeuroPAL colors) the Methods measure is 21.50% and the code's measure 3.47%; with neighbors from the dandiset's head atlas they are 21.50% and 3.64%. Under the criterion as written the claim is not reproduced; with the code's measure as the main result it is reproduced. The same question bears on fig7de-optimal-coloring-violations, which uses the same measure.

    The reader’s answer. Changed. The claims file followed the Methods wording ("the percentage of their color violations, defined as neighboring neuron pairs which fall below the discrimination margin", Methods S2 section 4.3) as the main measure, but the 3.5% the paper reports is the code's measure. find_optimal_colors.m (Optimal_Coloring 990c597) computes sum(max(margin*A - D.*A, 0)) / sum(A) and prints it as "NeuroPAL color margin violation", and the share of neighboring pairs below the margin, computed on the same repository's data.mat (its stored 235-neuron adjacency and NeuroPAL colors), is about 19%, so it cannot be the measure behind the reported number. The criterion of ms2-neuropal-color-violations now takes the code's mean shortfall as the measure that decides the claim and reports the Methods share as a variant; its statement now says "theoretical color margin violation of 3.5%" in place of "3.5% of neighboring pairs". The text is not fully consistent (its 0.3% lower bound from eight left-right pairs and its all-same-color example of 100% follow the share), which is why the share is kept as a variant. fig7de-optimal-coloring-violations, whose numbers come from the same code, now refers to the same measure. Expected values and tolerances are unchanged.
  • openasked 2026-10-31about fig7de-optimal-coloring-violations

    The criterion takes the 3-reporter value as the best of 7,500 runs of the 3-color, 3-intensity, 3-reporter setting. Should it be the best of the runs of that setting within the paper's 7,500 simulations, which span many settings, so that fewer runs are compared?

    Passage. (D-K) Simulated NeuroPAL alternatives (chosen as those with the minimal color violations, among 7,500 simulations), using the Brain Atlas reporters, evaluating real-world limitations that restrict the optimal-coloring solutions to use only 2 or 3 colors, 1 or 3 distinguishable intensities, and 3 or 10 reporters. (Methods S2 Figure 1 legend); 7,500 approximately-optimal-coloring solutions, generated using the Brain Atlas reporter list, that sample a wider range of parameters representing other possible real-world scenarios, 2-6 colors, distinguishable at 1-3 intensities, using 2-71 reporters. (Methods S2 Figure 6 legend)

    Why it matters. On the dandiset's head atlas the best of 7,500 runs of this one setting (7,106 keep 3 reporters) is 6.95%, outside 10.5 +/- 1.05, and the claim is partially reproduced. The 3-reporter solutions take few values (5th percentile 9.90%), so the best of 10 runs falls in the tolerance in 95% of random subsets and the best of 100 runs in 66%; under the reading that only part of the 7,500 simulations had this setting, the second value would likely be reproduced.

    No reader has answered it yet.

Notebooks

Every registered entry that uses this dataset. An entry can hold several notebooks, and can use more than one dataset.

Reproduction NeuroPAL atlas and neuron identification (Yemini et al. 2021)

Tests the atlas and identification findings of Yemini, Lin, Nejatbakhsh et al. (2021) on dandiset 000715, which holds the head volumes and hand-annotated neurons of the paper's ten NeuroPAL atlas worms. It fits the statistical atlas, tests positional variability, automatic detection, leave-one-out identification with and without color, guided annotation, calibration and the color violations of the NeuroPAL map and of the paper's optimal-coloring solutions. A notebook of its own tests some whole-brain activity findings on the paper's Zenodo record, which the dandiset does not hold. All files

Verification

  • Round 1
    2026-10-31
    Agreed with 13 of 16 outcomes. Independent agent run by CatalystNeuro (same harness, separate context, did not write the notebooks). Reviewed: Round 1. The executed notebooks reproduce_yemini_2021.ipynb, optimal_coloring.ipynb and wholebrain_zenodo.ipynb with the conclusion cells and the summaries removed, the helper modules neuropal.py and wholebrain.py and the claims file, with the paper; the verifier did not have the attempt record. It tested the CELL_ID rotation search on synthetic points and checked the archive through the API. Its report gave its own outcome for the 16 tested or blocked claims it reviewed; 13 agree with the record and 3 do not (fig2cd-variability-differs, ms1-uncertain-first-faster, fig6de-asj-ric-stimulus-specific). It did not review the 16 claims marked not tested on the dandiset (its report counted 15; its round-2 report corrects this).
    • fig2cd-variability-differs: the verifier’s outcome was “Partially reproduced”. Head only. For neurons named in at least 8 worms, the largest SD over the smallest is 36, 21 and 13 on the three axes; the atlas variants give 33 to 53 on axis 1 (cell 12). The criterion also needs the tail, which the archive does not hold.
    • ms1-uncertain-first-faster: the verifier’s outcome was “Partially reproduced”. Head: the uncertain-first curve is above random at 50 of 50 counts, with means 52.2 vs 48.5 and 68.0 vs 62.4 (cell 24). The gain at 8 annotations is only about 1 point. Tail missing.
    • fig6de-asj-ric-stimulus-specific: the verifier’s outcome was “Blocked”. The claim holds with no removal and with one member removed. It fails with both members removed, the helper's main reading; ASJ to pentanedione has q 0.063 and RIC to NaCl has q 0.044 (cell 10). The wholebrain.py docstring calls removing both members a choice that removes few traces, but it removes 647 of 3,550 head traces and 161 of 797 tail traces; the outcomes of fig6de and tables6 turn on this reading (problem 3).
  • Round 2
    2026-11-01
    Agreed with 31 of 32 outcomes. Independent agent run by CatalystNeuro (same harness, separate context, did not write the notebooks). Reviewed: Round 2. The full executed notebooks reproduce_yemini_2021.ipynb, optimal_coloring.ipynb and wholebrain_zenodo.ipynb with their conclusions and summaries, the helper modules, the claims file, the attempt record and the README, with the paper. The verifier agreed with 31 of the 32 outcomes and would give blocked for tables6-tail-pvq-and-post-stimulus. It quoted six sentences the outputs do not support and listed what remains of its round-1 points.
    • tables6-tail-pvq-and-post-stimulus: the verifier’s outcome was “Blocked”. Would give blocked (methods_underspecified). wholebrain_zenodo.ipynb cell 5 states the rule 'a claim whose outcome differs between them is blocked'. tables6 gives full, full and partial under the three removal readings, so under that rule it is blocked. One rule should be applied to both claims. The 10 s post-stimulus window is stated and reasonable.
  • Round 3
    2026-11-01
    Agreed with 2 of 2 outcomes. Independent agent run by CatalystNeuro (same harness, separate context, did not write the notebooks). Reviewed: Round 3. Only the two proposed changes of outcome, fig7de-optimal-coloring-violations and tables6-tail-pvq-and-post-stimulus, with the executed notebooks optimal_coloring.ipynb, optimal_coloring_sparsity.ipynb and wholebrain_zenodo.ipynb behind them. The verifier agreed with both.

Method differences

How the tests differed from the paper’s method or data, and the claims each applies to.

  • Head only; the tails are not in the dandiset.fig7bc-identification-accuracy ms1-uncertain-first-faster ms1-position-only-accuracy ms1-detection-accuracy
  • Head only. The dandiset holds the heads of the ten worms; their tails are on the paper's Zenodo record and were not used, since the claims file assigns this claim to the dataset.fig2cd-variability-differs
  • Assumption. Algorithm 4 of Methods S1 as written (equations 4.13 to 4.16) does not converge on these data, because the atlas is defined only up to an affine map and the regression of the atlas means on each worm shrinks it along its minor axes at every alternation (the extents of axes 2 and 3 fall from 22.5 and 15.6 um to 0 by 300 alternations). The atlas is kept in the frame of the initial worm (after each update it is mapped back by the affine map that best fits its means to that worm's neurons) and stopped after 20 alternations, where the position block has settled. This keeps Algorithm 4's alternation and its initialisation at one worm, and is the smallest change that gives a stable atlas; variants are shown and agree, including the forward regression of equation 4.11.fig2cd-variability-differs
  • Colors are read from the volumes as Methods S1 Figure 6.2 describes (median of the z-scored image in a 1.5 x 1.5 x 0.75 um patch, CELL_ID patch_hsize [3, 3, 0]), as the files hold no per-neuron colors.fig2cd-variability-differs
  • Neurons missing from a worm (the dandiset names 186 to 193 per head, against 195 in the paper) are left out of that worm's alignment and moments, and a ridge of 0.01 um^2 is added to every covariance (a standard choice) so that the 7 neurons named in fewer than 8 worms have an invertible covariance. The ridge bounds each standard deviation below by 0.1 um, which sets the smallest values of the all-neuron table; the table of neurons named in at least 8 worms, which decides the claim, is not affected.fig2cd-variability-differs
  • The atlas is fit with the gauge and the 20 alternations of the assumption stated under fig2cd-variability-differs; the variants shown all give a ratio above 2 under reading b and 2.00 or more under reading a.fig2c-ollr-more-variable-than-olll
  • Which minor axis is left-right and which dorsal-ventral is not fixed by the atlas; reading c is shown in both planes.fig2c-ollr-more-variable-than-olll
  • The atlas fit rests on the assumption stated under fig2cd-variability-differs.fig7bc-identification-accuracy
  • The CELL_ID variant makes the worm's principal-axis frame a proper rotation before the search, so that no candidate is a mirror image (CELL_ID rejects mirror solutions, and with an improper frame every candidate was rejected); CELL_ID's atlas is centred on its principal axes, so ours is expressed in its own principal-axis frame for this variant. Its search over theta is ported as written and has no effect (see notes).fig7bc-identification-accuracy
  • A variant not in the paper starts Algorithm 5 from four rotations about the long axis, because the files carry no orientation and half the heads are stored in another one; it uses no annotations. It changes no outcome on the main atlas (see notes for the atlas variants).fig7bc-identification-accuracy
  • Two named neurons of one held-out worm whose names are not in the nine-worm atlas count as wrong.fig7bc-identification-accuracy
  • The detection behind reading b is a Python port (see ms1-detection-accuracy).fig7bc-identification-accuracy
  • Runs on the leave-one-out identifications of fig7bc-identification-accuracy, and so rests on the same atlas assumption.fig7b-eight-labels-above-90
  • Rests on the identifications of fig7bc-identification-accuracy and its atlas assumption.ms1-uncertain-first-faster
  • Same atlas assumption as fig2cd-variability-differs, applied to a position-only atlas.ms1-position-only-accuracy
  • The detection is a Python port of CELL_ID (Preprocess.filter_gut_lysosomes, AutoDetect.detect and fit_gaussian) with its default parameters (minimum eigenvalue 0.1, exclusion radius 1.5 um, eigenvalue bounds 0.01 to 5, detection at 0.4 um). fmincon (interior point) is replaced by scipy's SLSQP with the same bounds and constraints, MATLAB's imresize3 by scikit-image's resize with antialiasing, and the in-plane Gaussian blur of imgaussfilt by scipy's filter. Any of these can shift detections.ms1-detection-accuracy
  • Whether the paper's hand annotations include the stored neurons that have no name is not said; both are shown.ms1-detection-accuracy
  • Head atlas only; the tails are not in the dandiset.ms2-neuropal-color-violations
  • Six atlas neurons (AMSOL, AMSOR, DA2, DB3, HMC, VD3) have no NeuroPAL color in data.mat and are left out.ms2-neuropal-color-violations
  • The random samples of computeProbAdjacency use numpy with seed 1, not MATLAB's rng(1).ms2-neuropal-color-violations
  • Head atlas only (192 neurons); the paper used 235 head and tail neurons. The paper's own adjacency is run as a reference with 1,000 runs per setting, not 10,000 and 7,500.fig7de-optimal-coloring-violations
  • optimal_color_solver.m ported to Python and run on many random starts at once; starts are drawn with numpy, not MATLAB's rand, and the loop over neighbors uses squared distances over the nonzero entries of A, which gives the code's updates up to rounding.fig7de-optimal-coloring-violations
  • Three intensities taken as the margin of 1/3, from Methods S2 section 4.2 ("1/3 as our minimum color margin (corresponding to discriminating 3 levels of color intensity)"); 300 iterations from optimal_color_parameters.m and Methods S2 section 4.2 ("300 iterations in total").fig7de-optimal-coloring-violations
  • The solution kept from a set of runs is the one with the fewest violations, from the Methods S2 Figure 1 legend ("chosen as those with the minimal color violations, among 10,000 simulations"); each solution's colors and kept reporters follow find_optimal_colors.m (Otsu threshold on X, colors scaled by each channel's maximum).fig7de-optimal-coloring-violations
  • The sparsity for 3 reporters is not given by the paper; it was chosen as the value of a scan (250, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 3000; 100 runs each) whose runs most often keep 3 reporters, as the criterion reads it. Sparsities 2000 and 3000 were also run with 7,500 runs each, and 1000 with 1,000 runs, in optimal_coloring_sparsity.ipynb, a notebook of its own to keep each within its time limit.fig7de-optimal-coloring-violations
  • The response is the mean during the stimulus minus the mean of the identical period before it, as the STAR Methods define a response; the asymmetry test is applied to these changes.fig6d-ase-nacl-asymmetry
  • Storey's pi0 is estimated at lambda = 0.5, a standard choice the paper does not give; the bootstrap choice of lambda (MATLAB mafdr's default) and pi0 = 1 are shown.fig6ef-nacl-novel-interneurons
  • The STAR Methods remove neurons within 5 um whose traces correlate at 0.95 or more ("were deemed too similar and removed") without saying whether both members of a pair go; the record's README says they are kept in the files. All three readings are run. The correlation is taken on the dF/F0 traces.fig6de-asj-ric-stimulus-specific
  • Storey's pi0 at lambda = 0.5, a standard choice; the bootstrap choice of lambda and pi0 = 1 are shown.fig6de-asj-ric-stimulus-specific
  • Same open detail on the removal of similar neurons as fig6de-asj-ric-stimulus-specific; all three readings are run.tables6-tail-pvq-and-post-stimulus
  • The post-stimulus window is the 10 s after the stimulus, the stimulus length; the paper does not give it.tables6-tail-pvq-and-post-stimulus
  • Assumption. Figure S1H does not give its peak rule; peaks are counted with scipy's find_peaks at three prominences, and the spectral peak is shown as a check.figs1h-avf-cyclic-activity
  • The 0.5 s median filter is 2 samples at 4 Hz; the median filter needs an odd window, so 3 samples (0.75 s) are used. All 31 AVF traces from 18 worms are pooled, as the five worms of Figure S1H are not named.figs1h-avf-cyclic-activity

Provenance

Attempt record
000715-yemini-2021-01
Paper
NeuroPAL: A Multicolor Atlas for Whole-Brain Neuronal Identification in C. elegans
Date
2026-10-31
Made by
An agent, run by CatalystNeuro
Dataset
DANDI:000715
Version
0.241009.1514 (doi:10.48324/dandi.000715/0.241009.1514)
Run on
GitHub Actions
Harness
Claude Code
Model
claude-opus-5-5
Protocol
pilot-12

Transcripts of the agent runs

Each run’s prompt, messages and tool calls, with long output cut and the text of the paper left out, and its final report.

Other datasets that name the same paper