CRCNS:hc-7 · Encore Science

Claims 44

From the paper Properties and dynamics of inhibitory synaptic communication within the CA3 microcircuits of pyramidal cells and interneurons expressing parvalbumin or cholecystokinin · claims file · checked 2026-11-06: ready

fig2b-pv-cck-clusters
Hierarchical clustering of 67 CA3 interneurons on principal components of 40 electrophysiological features gives two clusters that match PV+ and CCK+ cells with more than 98% overlap; a single PV+ cell falls in the CCK+ cluster.
We found that the cells clearly formed two separate clusters based on their physiological features ... the two main clusters corresponded almost perfectly to PV+ and CCK+ cells, respectively, with only a single PV+ cell misplaced into the group of CCK+ cells. This resulted in a more than 98% overlap between the anatomical and physiological classification
Results, Hierarchical clustering based on electrophysiological properties identifies interneuron types, paragraphs 1 and 2; Figure 2B, left
How it will be judged
Methods, Electrophysiological characterization and clustering of cell types. The 40 features of Tables 1 and 2 from the 800 ms current steps; PCA on the features, keeping the components that carry most of the variance; hierarchical clustering with Euclidean distance and Ward linkage, cut into two clusters. The paper does not say whether features were standardized before PCA or how many components were kept ("solutions involving different numbers of principal components were tested"). Readings, (a) z-scored features, components explaining 80% of the variance; (b) z-scored features, components with eigenvalue above 1; (c) raw features, same two rules. Reproduced when under one reading the two-cluster cut agrees with the PV+/CCK+ labels for at least 98% of cells (at most one cell of 67 misplaced). The tolerance of 2 points is the step between "more than 98%" and the next lower whole percent.
fig2b-pvbc-aac-clusters
Reclustering the 26 PV+ cells gives two groups, one mostly PV+BCs (13 of 16) and one mostly AACs (8 of 10), an overall match of about 83%.
one cluster contained predominantly PV+BCs (13 of 16) and the other contained mainly AACs (eight of 10), with an overall match of
Results, Hierarchical clustering based on electrophysiological properties identifies interneuron types, paragraph 3; Figure 2B, right
How it will be judged
As fig2b-pv-cck-clusters, on the 26 PV+ cells alone, with the same readings. Reproduced when under one reading the two-cluster cut matches the anatomical PV+BC/AAC labels for 75 to 91% of cells (83% within 10%) with each cluster holding a majority of one type. The paper's counts give 21 of 26 (80.8%), not 83%; both lie inside the range.
cck-no-subclusters
Clustering the CCK+ cells reveals no well-separated subgroups matching CCK+BCs and CCK+DTIs, which form a physiological continuum.
the branching structure of hierarchical clustering did not reveal any well-separated clusters, and the clusters that could be defined did not show any correspondence to the two major anatomical subclasses of CCK+ neurons
Results, Hierarchical clustering based on electrophysiological properties identifies interneuron types, paragraph 4
How it will be judged
As fig2b-pv-cck-clusters, on the CCK+ cells alone, with the same readings. The paper reports no test; the correspondence is judged by the agreement of a two-cluster cut with the CCK+BC/CCK+DTI labels against the agreement of the larger class alone. Reproduced when under every reading the agreement is no more than 10 points above the agreement given by assigning every cell to the larger class.
table1-pv-cck-features
PV+ and CCK+ interneurons differ in single-cell physiology; PV+ cells have a lower input resistance, fire more APs at most and have narrower APs than CCK+ cells.
PV+ and CCK+ neurons were significantly different from each other at the population level according to several features, including input resistance, membrane time constant, the maximal rate of firing for any input level ... (all P < 0.01, Mann-Whitney U test)
Results, Hierarchical clustering based on electrophysiological properties identifies interneuron types, paragraph 2; Table 1
How it will be judged
Features as in Table 1, from the current-step responses (Methods, Electrophysiological characterization and clustering of cell types); the feature definitions are those of an unpublished script, so a feature is computed by the standard definition its name gives (input resistance from the steady response to the small hyperpolarizing steps, half-width at half the AP amplitude from threshold). Medians per class; two-sided Mann-Whitney U test. Reproduced when every listed median is within tolerance (the nearer quartile, M7) and every listed test gives p < 0.01 in the reported direction.
table2-pvbc-aac-features
Morphologically identified PV+BCs and AACs differ in input resistance, rheobase, maximal AP number, AP width and after-hyperpolarization; AACs have a higher input resistance, a lower rheobase and fire more APs at most.
Morphologically identified PV+BCs and AACs differed significantly in terms of input resistance, rheobase current, maximal AP number, AP width, and duration and amplitude of AHP (Table 2) (all P < 0.01, Mann-Whitney U test)
Results, Hierarchical clustering based on electrophysiological properties identifies interneuron types, paragraph 3; Table 2
How it will be judged
As table1-pv-cck-features, for PV+BCs against AACs. Reproduced when every listed median is within tolerance and input resistance, rheobase and maximal AP number differ in the reported direction with Mann-Whitney p < 0.01. Table 2 prints some of the "all P < 0.01" features at P = 0.02 (AHP amplitude, new method) and 0.01 or more (AHP duration, old method); those are reported and not judged.
fig3-cp-pv
Connection probability is high among PV+ cells, 50% (22 of 44 pairs); 66.6% among PV+BCs (20 of 30, six unidirectional and seven bidirectional pairs); PV+BCs contact AACs (2 of 4) but AACs contact neither PV+BCs nor AACs, a highly significant difference.
From a total of 44 putative cell pairs (including PV+BCs and AACs), we found 22 pairs (CP = 50%). The CP among PV+BCs was 66.6% (six unidirectional and seven bidirectional pairs ... We found two PV+BC to AAC pairs (CP = 50%). On the other hand, no AAC to PV+BC or AAC to AAC connections were found. The difference in the likelihood with which PV+BCs and AACs contacted other PV+ interneurons was highly significant (P = 6.21 × 10-4; chi-squared)
Results, Frequency of interactions among homogeneous and heterogeneous types of inhibitory neurons, paragraph 4; Figure 3A; Table 3
How it will be judged
CP is the fraction of connected pairs among all tested unidirectional pairs whose presynaptic axon was preserved (Results, same section, paragraph 3). Counts as in Figure 3A (22/44, 20/30, 2/4, 0/4, 0/6). Reproduced when the counts of tested and connected pairs give the expected values and a Pearson chi-squared test of connected against unconnected, PV+BC against AAC as presynaptic cell, gives p < 0.001. Needs the record of unconnected tested pairs. The paper does not give the table behind P = 6.21e-4; PV+BC (22 of 34) against AAC (0 of 10) as presynaptic cell gives 3.2e-4 without Yates correction and 1.2e-3 with it, so neither reproduces the printed value. Both readings are shown, and the claim is judged at p < 0.001 without the correction (M6).
fig3-cp-cck
Connection probability among CCK+ cells is 28% (14 of 50), with frequent bidirectional connections, but only within CCK+BCs (42.85%) and within CCK+DTIs (45.45%); none between the two subtypes, a significant preference for the same partner type.
The CP between CCK+ cells was relatively high (28%), with frequent bidirectional connections; however, we observed synaptic coupling only between homogeneous CCK+BC (CPCCK+BC = 42.85%) and CCK+DTI (CPCCK+DTI = 45.45%) pairs. The preference of CCK+ interneurons for homologous postsynaptic partners was highly significant (P = 9.42 × 10-4)
Results, Frequency of interactions among homogeneous and heterogeneous types of inhibitory neurons, paragraph 5; Figure 3A; Table 3
How it will be judged
As fig3-cp-pv; counts as in Figure 3A (14/50, 9/21, 5/11, 0/9, 0/9). The chi-squared test compares connected against unconnected pairs for same-type against different-type pairs. Reproduced when the expected values hold and p < 0.001.
fig3-cp-pv-cck
Connections between PV+ and CCK+ interneurons are rare (2 of 14 in each direction); interneurons connect preferentially within their main class, and PV+ cells preferentially target PV+ cells over CCK+ cells.
From a total of 28 trials among PV+ and CCK+ cells, only two PV+ to CCK+ and two CCK+ to PV+ pairs were found. Overall, PV+ and CCK+ interneurons showed a greater probability of targeting interneurons within the same main class (P = 0.0175) and PV+ cells in particular preferentially ... targeted other PV+ interneurons
Results, Frequency of interactions among homogeneous and heterogeneous types of inhibitory neurons, paragraph 6; Figure 3A; Table 3
How it will be judged
As fig3-cp-pv; 2/14 in each direction (Figure 3A). The two tests as described in the quote, chi-squared on connected against unconnected pairs. Reproduced when the counts hold and both tests give p < 0.05.
fig4b-in-pc-kruskal-wallis
uIPSCs evoked in PCs by PV+BCs, AACs and CCK+BCs differ in 10 to 90% rise time, latency, amplitude, synaptic potency and transmission probability.
the three perisomatic region-targeting interneuron-evoked uIPSCs were different in 10-90% rise time (Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA P = 0.027), latency (Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA ... P = 7.49 × 10-4), amplitude (Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA ... P = 0.001), synaptic potency (Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, P = 0.004) and transmission probability (Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA ... P = 0.003)
Results, The type of interneuron determines the properties of uIPSCs onto PCs, paragraph 2; Figure 4B
How it will be judged
Pairs recorded with high KCl solution in both cells. Per pair, the measures of M1 on single-AP uIPSCs (M3 readings a to c), failures by M2 readings a and b. Kruskal-Wallis across the three presynaptic types for each measure. Reproduced when under one reading of M2 and M3 all five measures give p < 0.05; partially reproduced when three or four do. The decay time constant was not reported as different; its p is shown.
fig4b-in-pc-posthoc
PV+BC and AAC uIPSCs onto PCs rise faster, have shorter latency and larger amplitude than CCK+BC uIPSCs; AAC uIPSCs have larger potency, and higher transmission probability, than CCK+BC uIPSCs.
uIPSCs mediated by PV+BCs (n = 8) and AACs (n = 9) had a significantly faster 10-90% rise, shorter latency and larger peak amplitude compared to CCK+BC-PC pairs (n = 14). Moreover, AAC-PC pairs had a larger synaptic potency than CCK+BC-PC pairs, and CCK+BC-PC pairs had a significantly smaller transmission probability than AAC-PC pairs
Results, The type of interneuron determines the properties of uIPSCs onto PCs, paragraph 2; Figure 4B
How it will be judged
As fig4b-in-pc-kruskal-wallis; post hoc two-sided Mann-Whitney U tests, Bonferroni factor 3 (M6). Eight comparisons are claimed (PV+BC and AAC against CCK+BC for rise time, latency and amplitude; AAC against CCK+BC for potency and for transmission probability). Reproduced when under one reading of M2 and M3 all eight hold at corrected p < 0.05 in the stated direction; partially reproduced when at least five do.
fig4c-cckdti-pc-silent-single-ap
Seven of eight CCK+DTI to PC pairs transmit neither for a single AP nor for an AP after a RIP burst; a single AP evokes a uIPSC only after an EPI burst.
CCK+DTIs (seven of eight) did not transmit either for a single AP or for an AP following a RIP protocol AP burst ... A single AP evoked transmission only if it was preceded by an EPI burst-stimulation train
Results, The type of interneuron determines the properties of uIPSCs onto PCs, paragraph 1; Figure 4Ca and Cb
How it will be judged
For each CCK+DTI to PC pair, transmission probability of the single AP before the RIP train and of the single AP before the EPI train (1600 ms after the previous EPI train), failures by M2. A pair transmits when its transmission probability exceeds that seen in the same window with no AP (the baseline crossing rate of reading b), or any success under reading a. Reproduced when 7 of 8 pairs do not transmit to the single AP before RIP while at least one transmits to the single AP that follows an EPI train. The tolerance is 0 as the claim is a count of pairs; if the data set holds fewer pairs, the fraction is judged (at least 85% silent).
fig7a-cscl-kinetics
Recording PCs with high CsCl (and interneurons with low KCl) gives longer 10 to 90% rise times and latencies for all three perisomatic interneuron types than high KCl in both cells, and larger amplitude and potency for CCK+BC to PC uIPSCs.
all three types of PTI-mediated uIPSCs recorded on PCs with high CsCl-based intrapipette solution had a significantly longer 10-90% rise time value and latency. Additionally, the CsCl-based solution increased both the amplitude and synaptic potency of uIPSCs between CCK+BC-PC pairs
Results, The type of interneuron determines the properties of uIPSCs onto PCs, paragraph 3; Figure 7A
How it will be judged
Measures as fig4b-in-pc-kruskal-wallis, readings M2 and M3. For each presynaptic type, two-sided Mann-Whitney U test of CsCl against high KCl pairs. The paper says "post hoc" without a correction for this panel; readings, (a) uncorrected, (b) Bonferroni factor 3 (three cell types). Reproduced when under one reading of M2, M3 and the correction, rise time and latency are longer with CsCl in all three types and CCK+BC amplitude and potency are larger, at p < 0.05 (eight comparisons); partially reproduced when at least five hold. Needs the pairs to be labelled by pipette solution.
fig5c-pv-rip-depression
Under the RIP protocol (four APs at 160 Hz) PV+BC to PC pairs show short-term depression at the 3rd and 4th AP, and AAC to PC pairs already at the 2nd AP.
PV+BC-PC pairs (n = 8) expressed short-term depression in response to the 3rd and 4th APs of the RIP protocol, whereas AAC-PC pairs (n = 9) ) expressed short-term depression in response to the 2nd AP
Results, Cell type-specific short-term plasticity characterizes the synaptic transmission of interneurons onto PCs, paragraph 3 (Transmission of PV+ cells is depressing and homogenous); Figure 5C
How it will be judged
High KCl pairs. Per pair, relative amplitudes of the four RIP IPSCs (M4 readings a and b, M5), normalized to the first of the four. The paper does not name the test behind the Fig. 5C asterisks. Readings, (a) Wilcoxon signed-rank test of the per-pair relative amplitude at AP n against 1; (b) Mann-Whitney U test of the per-pair relative amplitudes at AP n against those at AP 1 (all equal to 1), the paper's named two-group test. Reproduced when under one reading of M4 and of the test, the PV+BC medians at the 3rd and 4th AP and the AAC median at the 2nd AP are below 1 with p < 0.05. Whether the PV+BC 2nd AP is also depressed is reported.
fig5c-cck-rip-facilitation
CCK+BC to PC (n = 14) and CCK+DTI to PC (n = 4) pairs on average show strong short-term facilitation, although individual pairs can show either facilitation or depression.
IPSCs between CCK+BC to PC (n = 14) and CCK+DTI-PC pairs (n = 4) on average were characterized by powerful short-term facilitation; however, individual cell pairs could display both short-term facilitation and short-term depression
Results, Cell type-specific short-term plasticity characterizes the synaptic transmission of interneurons onto PCs, paragraph 5 (Transmission of CCK+ cells is variable); Figure 5C
How it will be judged
As fig5c-pv-rip-depression, RIP protocol. Reproduced when for CCK+BC to PC pairs the median relative amplitude at the 2nd to 4th AP is above 1 at two or more of the three APs, the same holds for the CCK+DTI pairs that transmit under RIP, and at least one CCK+ pair has a relative amplitude below 1 at the 4th AP. Pairs whose first IPSC is all failures under M2 cannot be normalized and are counted apart.
fig5db-recovery
After a RIP train, PV+BC to PC (n = 7) and AAC to PC (n = 9) transmission recovers gradually with the interval to a second RIP train, while CCK+BC to PC transmission (n = 11) rises and falls with the interval; PV+BC and CCK+BC pairs differ at several intervals.
PV+BC to PC (n = 7) and AAC to PC (n = 9) transmission gradually recovered, whereas CCK+BC to PC transmission (n = 11) showed a more complex (increasing and decreasing) behaviour depending on the interstimulus interval
Results, Cell type-specific short-term plasticity characterizes the synaptic transmission of interneurons onto PCs, paragraph 4; Figure 5Da and Db
How it will be judged
Recovery ratio, the amplitude of the first IPSC of the second RIP train over that of the first IPSC of the first train (Methods, paragraph on protocols; Fig. 5Db legend), per pair and interval (50 to 1200 ms), amplitudes by M4. Gradual recovery, the median ratio over PV+BC pairs, and over AAC pairs, rises with the interval (Spearman correlation of ratio with interval above 0 with p < 0.05 over the pair by interval values), below 1 at 50 ms. Complex behaviour, the CCK+BC median ratio is not monotonic in interval (at least one rise followed by a fall of more than 10% of the ratio). The paper names no test for either shape; the Spearman test, the 50 ms condition and the 10% fall are standard choices, not the paper's. Difference, two-sided Mann-Whitney U test of PV+BC against CCK+BC at each interval; the paper gives no correction (readings uncorrected and Bonferroni over 7 intervals). Reproduced when all three parts hold under one reading of M4, with at least one interval significant.
fig6-pv-trains-depression
PV+BC to PC (n = 6) and AAC to PC (n = 8) pairs show purely short-term depression to 10 APs at 1 to 320 Hz and to the EPI protocol, more pronounced at higher frequencies, with IPSCs synchronous to the APs even under EPI.
PV+BC to PC (n = 6) and AAC to PC (n = 8) pairs displayed purely short-term depression in response to 10 APs at frequencies between 1 and 320 Hz and to our EPI protocol. The short-term depression becomes more prominent with ... increasing frequency
Results, Cell type-specific short-term plasticity characterizes the synaptic transmission of interneurons onto PCs, paragraph 3; Figure 6A and C
How it will be judged
Per pair and protocol, relative amplitudes (M4, M5); medians over pairs (Fig. 6C legend). Purely depressing, the median relative amplitude of APs 2 to 10 is below 1 at every frequency and for the EPI protocol, for each of the two types (a value up to 1.05 at a single AP is allowed as noise, a standard choice). More prominent with frequency, the median over pairs of the mean relative amplitude of APs 2 to 10 falls with frequency (Spearman correlation below 0 with p < 0.05 over the pair by frequency values; the paper names no test, so this is a standard choice). Synchronous release, no pair of either type shows an onset of asynchronous release under EPI by the onset rule of fig6-cckbc-async-onset (Results, same section, paragraph 3, "The evoked IPSCs were synchronous to APs, even during the high frequency EPI stimulation pattern"). Reproduced when all three hold for both types under one reading of M4; partially reproduced when the two depression parts hold and synchrony fails.
fig6-cckbc-pc-trains
All CCK+BC to PC pairs (n = 6) facilitate at 1 to 40 Hz; at 80 Hz and above and under EPI the facilitation of the 1st to 5th APs turns into depression later in the train.
All CCK+BC-PC pairs (n = 6) were characterized by short-term facilitation at frequencies between 1 and 40 Hz. At higher frequencies (80 Hz, 160 Hz, 320 Hz; EPI protocol) the transient ... short-term facilitation of the 1st to 5th APs turned later into short-term depression
Results, Cell type-specific short-term plasticity characterizes the synaptic transmission of interneurons onto PCs, paragraph 6; Figure 6A and C
How it will be judged
As fig6-pv-trains-depression. Facilitation at 1 to 40 Hz, for every pair the mean relative amplitude of APs 2 to 10 is above 1 at each of 1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 Hz. At 80, 160 and 320 Hz and EPI, the median over pairs is above 1 at some AP from 2 to 5 and below 1 at the last AP of the train. Reproduced when both hold under one reading of M4; partially reproduced when facilitation holds for at least five of six pairs and the high-frequency pattern for at least three of the four protocols.
fig6-cckbc-async-onset
At CCK+BC to PC pairs asynchronous release appears only during the EPI protocol, between the 10th and 19th AP (median 11, interquartile range 10 to 14).
Asynchronous release at CCK+BC-PCpairsappearedonlyduringtheEPIprotocol between the 10th and 19th AP [median (interquartile range) 11 (10-14)]
Results, Cell type-specific short-term plasticity characterizes the synaptic transmission of interneurons onto PCs, paragraph 6; Figure 6A
How it will be judged
The paper does not say how the onset of asynchronous release is determined. The immediate asynchronous charge at each AP is computed as in the Methods (Asynchronous charge calculation, a template from the averaged 11th IPSC, synchronous release reconstructed and subtracted, 100 Hz low-pass, window the interval to the next AP). Readings for the onset, (a) the first AP after which the immediate asynchronous charge stays above two standard deviations of the charge in equal windows of the pre-train baseline for at least three APs; (b) the first AP after which the current between APs no longer returns to within 10% of the IPSC peak of the baseline (a standard choice). Reproduced when under one reading the median onset is 10 to 12 (11 against the nearer quartile 10, M7, and 10% above), onsets lie within 9 to 21 (10 to 19 widened by 10%), and no pair shows asynchronous release under the 10-AP trains by the same rule.
cckdti-pc-transmission
Of eight CCK+DTI to PC pairs, four respond at low frequencies (1 to 40 Hz) or to RIP; in these the first AP of trains evokes an IPSC only from about the fourth sweep, transmission facilitates at 10 Hz but depresses at 40 and 160 Hz; the other four transmit, with depression, only under EPI.
From a total of eight CCK+DTI-PC pairs, only four pairs responded to stimulation already at low frequencies (1-40 Hz) or to RIP protocol with clearly distinguishable inhibitory transmission ... the first AP of stimulation trains resulted in an IPSC starting from the fourthtraceonaverage ... Transmission was characterized by short-term facilitation at 10 Hz (n = 3) but turned into short-term depression at 40 Hz (n = 3) and 160 Hz (n = 4) stimulation. In the remaining four CCK+DTI-PC pairs, inhibitory transmission (showing short-term depression) was observed only for the stronger and longer lasting EPI stimulation train
Results, Cell type-specific short-term plasticity characterizes the synaptic transmission of interneurons onto PCs, paragraph 7; Figures 5A and 6A
How it will be judged
Transmission per pair as in fig4c-cckdti-pc-silent-single-ap (M2), relative amplitudes by M4. Reproduced when four of eight pairs transmit at 1 to 40 Hz or RIP, the mean first successful sweep is within tolerance, and in the responding pairs the median mean relative amplitude of APs 2 to 10 is above 1 at 10 Hz and below 1 at 40 and 160 Hz, while the other pairs transmit only under EPI with the last-AP relative amplitude below 1. Partially reproduced when the counts hold and the frequency pattern holds at two of the three frequencies.
cckdti-async-onset
At CCK+DTI to PC pairs asynchronous release appears earlier than at CCK+BCs, between the 7th and 13th AP of the EPI protocol (median 7, interquartile range 7 to 9) and in trains at 160 Hz and above (median 7, interquartile range 6 to 8).
In the CCK+DTIs, asynchronous release appeared earlier than for the CCK+BCs ... between the 7th and 13th AP of the EPI protocol [median (interquartile range) 7 (7-9)] and above 160 Hz stimulation [median (interquartile range) 7 (6-8)]
Results, Cell type-specific short-term plasticity characterizes the synaptic transmission of interneurons onto PCs, paragraph 8; Figure 6A and C
How it will be judged
Onset readings as fig6-cckbc-async-onset. For EPI the nearer quartile equals the median, so the tolerance is 10%; for trains the nearer quartile (6) gives 1. "Above 160 Hz" is read two ways, (a) the 160 and 320 Hz trains pooled, (b) the 320 Hz train alone. Reproduced when under one reading both medians are within tolerance and the CCK+DTI EPI onset median is lower than the CCK+BC one.
async-charge-epi-vs-160
At CCK+BC to PC pairs the EPI protocol triggers a larger asynchronous charge after the last AP than 160 Hz trains, while the charge is unchanged between the two patterns at PV+BC, AAC and CCK+DTI to PC pairs.
At CCK+BC-PC pairs, the EPI protocol triggered a significantly larger asynchronous charge compared to 160 Hz stimulation (Mann-Whitney U test ... P = 0.002), whereas the charge transfer at PV+BC to PC (Mann-Whitney U test ... P = 0.17) and AAC-PC pairs (Mann-Whitney U test ... P = 0.27) was unchanged between the two stimulus patterns. We did not find any significant difference in the asynchronous charge transfer at CCK+DTI-PC pairs (Mann-Whitney U test ... P = 0.9)
Results, Cell type-specific short-term plasticity characterizes the synaptic transmission of interneurons onto PCs, paragraph 9; Figure 6A
How it will be judged
Charge in the 500 ms window after the last AP of the EPI protocol and of the 10-AP 160 Hz train (paragraph 9). The paper says asynchronous charge; readings, (a) the delayed asynchronous charge of the Methods (the 100 Hz low-pass original trace minus the reconstructed synchronous trace, 500 ms after the last AP); (b) the area under the mean trace in that window minus the area of an equal window at least 500 ms later (the total charge method of the Methods, applied to the window). Two-sided Mann-Whitney U test per type, EPI against 160 Hz, as the paper names it. Reproduced when under one reading CCK+BC gives p < 0.05 with EPI larger, and the absence parts hold on the paper's test, PV+BC, AAC and CCK+DTI each p >= 0.05; partially reproduced when CCK+BC holds and one absence part fails.
decay-epi-vs-160
The decay time constant after the last AP lengthens under EPI compared with 160 Hz trains, from 13.01 to 103.65 ms at CCK+BC to PC pairs and from 36.82 to 138.71 ms at CCK+DTI to PC pairs.
the decay time (τ) of release prolonged significantly during EPI protocol compared to 160 Hz stimulation at both CCK+BC-PC (from 13.01 ms to 103.65 ms; Mann-WhitneyUtest ... P =0.01) and CCK+DTI-PC pairs (from 36.82 ms to 138.71 ms; Mann-Whitney U test ... P = 0.01)
Results, Cell type-specific short-term plasticity characterizes the synaptic transmission of interneurons onto PCs, paragraph 9; Figure 6B
How it will be judged
Per pair, a single exponential fitted to the decay of the averaged current after the 10th AP of the 160 Hz train and after the last AP of the EPI protocol (Fig. 6A legend), medians over pairs (Fig. 6B legend). The fit window is not given; readings, (a) from the peak to 500 ms after the last AP (the window of the charge analysis); (b) from the peak to the return to baseline, the first point within 5% of the peak above baseline. Two-sided Mann-Whitney U test, EPI against 160 Hz. Reproduced when under one reading the four medians are within tolerance and both tests give p < 0.05; partially reproduced when both tests hold with EPI longer but some medians fall outside tolerance. Fig. 6B also reports PV+BC and AAC values (asterisks on CCK+BC and "PTI"), not given in the text; these are shown and not judged.
fig7b-cscl-stp
With the CsCl (postsynaptic) and low KCl (presynaptic) solutions short-term depression at the 3rd and 4th RIP APs is larger at AAC to PC pairs, and short-term facilitation is smaller at CCK+BC to PC pairs, than with high KCl.
The use of different intrapipette solutions significantly increased the short-term depression between AACs and PCs, and decreased the short-term facilitation of CCK+BC-PC pairs, compared to values of short-term plasticity observed with high KCl-based intrapipette solution
Results, Cell type-specific short-term plasticity characterizes the synaptic transmission of interneurons onto PCs, paragraph 11; Figure 7B
How it will be judged
RIP relative amplitudes (M4) at the 3rd and 4th AP (Fig. 7B legend), per pair, CsCl pairs against high KCl pairs, two-sided Mann-Whitney U test per type and AP (the paper's two-group test). Reproduced when under one reading of M4 the AAC relative amplitudes are lower with CsCl at the 3rd and 4th AP and the CCK+BC relative amplitudes are lower with CsCl at the 3rd and 4th AP, each p < 0.05; partially reproduced when two or three of the four hold. Needs the pairs to be labelled by pipette solution.
fig8-pvbc-pvbc-uipsc
uIPSCs between PV+BCs (n = 16) are fast (10 to 90% rise time 0.63 ms, decay time constant 3.17 ms), with short latency (0.76 ms), large amplitude (81.18 pA) and transmission probability of 1.
uIPSCs at PV+BC to PV+BC pairs (n = 16) were fast (10-90% rise time, 0.63 ms; decay time constant, 3.17 ms) with short latency (0.76 ms), large amplitude (81.18 pA) and high transmission probability (P = 1)
Results, Properties of uIPSCs among interneurons are also connection type specific, paragraph 2; Figure 8B
How it will be judged
Measures of M1, single APs by M3 (the Fig. 8A legend favours reading b, the 1 Hz train), failures by M2, median over pairs (Fig. 8B legend). Reproduced when under one reading of M2 and M3 all five medians are within tolerance; partially reproduced when three or four are.
fig8-cck-pairs-uipsc
uIPSCs between CCK+BCs (n = 6) have rise and decay times like those between PV+BCs (0.63 and 3.65 ms) but significantly longer latency (1.59 ms) and lower transmission probability (0.7); uIPSCs between CCK+DTIs (n = 4) are slowest (rise 0.98 ms, decay 4.47 ms, latency 1.52 ms), smallest (43.71 pA) and least reliable (0.55).
The properties of inhibitory synapses among CCK+BCs (n = 6) were similar to PV+BC to PV+BC synapses with respect to the 10-90% rise time (0.63 ms) and decay time constant (3.65 ms); however, uIPSCs were evoked with a significantly longer latency (1.59 ms) and lower transmission probability (P = 0.7). Finally, we found that synapses between CCK+DTI pairs (n = 4) had the slowest time course of rise time (0.98 ms), decay time (4.47 ms) and latency (1.52 ms), with the smallest amplitude (43.71 pA) and lowest transmission probability (0.55)
Results, Properties of uIPSCs among interneurons are also connection type specific, paragraph 2; Figure 8B
How it will be judged
As fig8-pvbc-pvbc-uipsc. Kruskal-Wallis across the three pair types, post hoc Mann-Whitney U with Bonferroni factor 3 (M6). Reproduced when under one reading of M2 and M3 at least seven of the nine medians are within tolerance and CCK+BC pairs have a longer latency and lower transmission probability than PV+BC pairs at corrected p < 0.05; partially reproduced when the tests hold and four to six medians are within tolerance. The uncorrected p is also shown.
fig8-cckbc-vs-cckdti-pairs
Among CCK+ pairs, uIPSC decay, latency, amplitude and transmission probability are similar between CCK+BC and CCK+DTI pairs, but CCK+BC uIPSCs rise significantly faster.
The decay time constant, latency, amplitude and transmission probability of uIPSCs among CCK+BC and CCK+DTI pairs were similar, although the 10-90% rise time of uIPSCs mediated by CCK+BCs was significantly faster compared to CCK+DTI pairs
Results, Properties of uIPSCs among interneurons are also connection type specific, paragraph 2; Figure 8B
How it will be judged
As fig8-cck-pairs-uipsc, post hoc Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni factor 3. The similarity is a claim of absence, judged on that test at corrected p < 0.05. Reproduced when the rise time differs (CCK+BC faster) and decay, latency, amplitude and transmission probability do not; partially reproduced when the rise time holds and one of the four absences fails. Under the stated correction a 6 against 4 Mann-Whitney test has a smallest two-sided p of 0.0095, times 3 is 0.029, so complete separation is needed for the rise time.
fig9-pvbc-pvbc-depression
Transmission between PV+BCs (n = 13) depresses during 10-AP trains at all frequencies from 1 to 320 Hz, more strongly at higher frequencies.
The transmission was characterized by short-term depression (Fig. 9B); the amplitude of triggered IPSCs decreased during the train of 10 APs at all frequencies. Moreover, as shown in Fig. 9, the short-term depression became more prominent as the frequency ofstimulation was increased
Results, Short-term depression among PV+BC pairs is frequency-dependent, paragraph 2; Figure 9B, left
How it will be judged
As fig6-pv-trains-depression, for PV+BC to PV+BC pairs (M4, M5). Reproduced when under one reading of M4 the median relative amplitude at the 10th AP is below 1 at all eight frequencies and the median mean relative amplitude of APs 2 to 10 falls with frequency (Spearman correlation below 0, p < 0.05, over pair by frequency values; a standard choice, the paper names no test).
fig9-pvbc-pvbc-transmission-probability
Between PV+BCs the transmission probability starts to fall at 80 Hz (to 0.9 at the 10th AP), falls by 5 to 10% at the 8th to 10th AP at 160 Hz, and lies between 0.8 and 0.9 from the 3rd to the 10th AP at 320 Hz; it recovers by the 11th AP.
the transmission probability started to decrease at 80 Hz stimulation (at the 10th AP to 0.9; fast gamma frequency range). Increasing the frequency of stimulation to 160 Hz (SWR frequency range), we observed a 5-10% decrease of transmission probability at the 8th to 10th AP, whereas, at 320 Hz stimulation, the inhibitory transmission became less effective between the 3rd and 10th AP (transmission probability between 0.8 and 0.9)
Results, Short-term depression among PV+BC pairs is frequency-dependent, paragraph 2; Figure 9B, right
How it will be judged
Per pair and AP, the fraction of sweeps with a uIPSC (M2), median over pairs (Fig. 9B legend). The 160 Hz decrease is read relative to the first AP; the reported range 5 to 10% widened by 10% of each bound gives 4.5 to 11 (7.75 plus or minus 3.25). The 320 Hz range 0.8 to 0.9 widened gives 0.72 to 0.99 (0.855 plus or minus 0.135) for every AP from the 3rd to the 10th. Below 80 Hz the median is 1 at every AP. Reproduced when under one reading of M2 all hold and the 11th AP median is at least 0.95 at every frequency (the paper says only that it "recovered by the time of the 11th stimulation", Fig. 9B legend; 0.95 is a standard choice); partially reproduced when the 80 Hz and 320 Hz parts hold.
fig9-pvbc-pvbc-recovery-11th
Between PV+BCs a 1 s pause does not fully relieve depression, and the recovery of the 11th IPSC does not depend on the frequency of the preceding train.
The 1 s interstimulus interval was not sufficient to completely recover synaptic depression and the level of recovery was similar, regardless of the previous train frequency (Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA ... P = 0.152)
Results, Short-term depression among PV+BC pairs is frequency-dependent, paragraph 3; Figure 9B, left
How it will be judged
Per pair, the 11th IPSC amplitude over the first (M4), for trains at 5 to 320 Hz (paragraph 3). Incomplete recovery, the median over pairs is below 1 at every frequency. Absence of a frequency effect, Kruskal-Wallis across the seven frequencies on the per-pair values, as the paper did (groups treated as independent though the pairs repeat), not significant at p < 0.05. A Friedman test over pairs with all frequencies is shown as a variant. Reproduced when both hold.
fig10-cck-cck-heterogeneity
Transmission between CCK+ cells is heterogeneous; all connections facilitate, four of nine pairs release only synchronously while five show frequency-dependent strong asynchronous release, and both BC and DTI pairs show either pattern.
Although short-term facilitation was a common feature of all connections, four out of nine cells evoked only synchronous transmitter release (Fig. 10Aa), whereas five of them showed a frequency-dependent strong ... asynchronous release (Fig. 10Ab). Both BCs and DTIs could show either of these patterns
Results, Interactions among CCK+ interneurons show heterogeneous dynamics regardless of axonal location, paragraphs 2 and 3; Figure 10Aa to Ac
How it will be judged
CCK+BC to CCK+BC and CCK+DTI to CCK+DTI pairs, 10-AP trains. Asynchronous release in a pair is judged by the onset rule of fig6-cckbc-async-onset (both readings) on the trains above 10 Hz. Which trains count is read two ways, (a) 40 Hz and above (paragraph 4 places its appearance after the 5th AP at 40 and 160 Hz); (b) 20 Hz and above (Fig. 10Ac legend, "appeared at frequencies higher than 10 Hz"). Reproduced when under one reading four pairs show none and five show it (if the data set holds a different number of pairs, when the fraction with asynchronous release is 45 to 66%, 5 of 9 within 10% of each count), both types are among each group, and every pair has a relative amplitude above 1 at some AP of the 10 or 40 Hz train.
fig10-cck-cck-frequency
Between CCK+ cells IPSC amplitudes facilitate at 10 and 40 Hz, while at 160 Hz they show no consistent change or a mixture of depression and facilitation.
the amplitude of evoked IPSCs among CCK+ cells displayed short-term facilitation at 10 and 40 Hz stimulation. On the other hand, the amplitude of individual IPSCs at 160 Hz stimulation was characterized by no consistent change or by a mixture of short-term depression and short-term facilitation
Results, Interactions among CCK+ interneurons show heterogeneous dynamics regardless of axonal location, paragraph 3; Figure 10Ac
How it will be judged
Relative amplitudes (M4, M5) per pair. Reproduced when under one reading of M4 the median over pairs of the mean relative amplitude of APs 2 to 10 is above 1 at 10 and at 40 Hz, and at 160 Hz the pairs are mixed (at least one pair above 1 and one below 1) or the median is within 0.9 to 1.1.
fig10-cck-cck-async
In the five CCK+ pairs with asynchronous release, release is synchronous at 10 Hz but asynchronous after the 5th AP at 40 and 160 Hz, and persists after the train for 69.8 to 339.6 ms, a duration independent of frequency; the total charge depends on the presynaptic frequency.
In five CCK+ to CCK+ cell pairs, transmitter release was synchronous at 10 Hz stimulation but, at 40 and 160 Hz stimulation, asynchronous release appeared after the 5th AP (immediate asynchronous release). This asynchronous release persisted after the end of stimulation train, lasting 69.8-339.6 ms for different cells (delayed asynchronousrelease).Itsdurationwasindependentofthe frequency of stimulation train (data not shown). However, the total inhibitory charge during the stimulation train (including a 500 ms window following the end of the 10th ... AP) was determined by the frequency of presynaptic APs
Results, Interactions among CCK+ interneurons show heterogeneous dynamics regardless of axonal location, paragraph 4; Figure 10Ac and Ad
How it will be judged
For the pairs with asynchronous release (fig10-cck-cck-heterogeneity). Onset by the rule of fig6-cckbc-async-onset. Duration of delayed release, the time from the last AP to the point where the low-pass (100 Hz) residual current (original minus reconstructed synchronous, Methods) returns within two standard deviations of baseline, a standard choice the paper does not state. Total charge as the Methods define it (area under the mean trace during the train and 500 ms after, minus an equal window at least 500 ms later). Frequency dependence of total charge, Kruskal-Wallis across 10 to 320 Hz at p < 0.05 (the paper's test for several groups); duration independent of frequency, the same test not significant. Reproduced when under one reading the onset is after the 5th AP at 40 and 160 Hz and absent at 10 Hz in at least four of five pairs, the durations lie within 62.8 to 373.6 ms (the range widened by 10% of each bound), and both tests go as stated.
fig10bd-be-async-charge
Between CCK+ cells immediate asynchronous charge per AP rises from 10 to 40 Hz, starting near the 5th AP, and falls at higher frequencies; delayed asynchronous charge grows with frequency and saturates at 160 Hz.
immediate asynchronous charge increased with increasing frequency between 10 and 40 Hz, starting around the 5th AP. However, at higher frequencies, immediate asynchronous charge started to drop ... delayed asynchronous charge strongly potentiated in a frequency-dependent manner, and saturated at 160 Hz
Results, Interactions among CCK+ interneurons show heterogeneous dynamics regardless of axonal location, paragraph 5; Figure 10Bd and Be
How it will be judged
Methods, Asynchronous charge calculation. Template, a difference of two exponentials (Eq. 6) fitted to the average of all 11th IPSCs; delay from the rise onset; the synchronous trace rebuilt by adding templates at each AP plus the delay, scaled to the averaged IPSC amplitude at that AP; original and rebuilt traces low-pass filtered at 100 Hz; immediate charge per AP over the interval to the next AP (100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125 ms at 10 to 320 Hz); delayed charge in the 500 ms after the 10th AP. The filter type and order are not given; a standard choice (fourth-order zero-phase Butterworth) is used and named. Median over pairs with asynchronous release. Reproduced when the median immediate charge summed over APs 5 to 10 is larger at 40 than at 10 Hz and smaller at 320 than at 40 Hz, and the median delayed charge rises from 10 to 160 Hz (each step not lower than the previous by more than 10%) with 320 Hz within 20% of 160 Hz. The paper gives no test or margin for these trends; the sum over APs 5 to 10 and the 10% and 20% margins are standard choices.
fig11-model-pv-udr
For PV+BC to PV+BC, PV+BC to PC and AAC to PC connections a purely depressing Tsodyks-Markram model fits adequately; adding use-dependent replenishment lowers the summed squared error by 35%, 22% and 34%, while adding facilitation gives no significant improvement; the BIC favours the depressing model with use-dependent replenishment.
the combined sum of squared error decreased by 35% for PV+BC to PV+BC connections, by 22% for PV+BC to PC connections, and by 34% for AAC to PC connections when use-dependent replenishment was assumed). Adding synaptic facilitation to the model did not lead to any significant improvement for these three types of connection ... The BIC clearly favoured the purely depressing model which included use-dependent replenishment for PV+BC to PV+BC, PV+BC to PC and AAC to PC connections
Results, Simple mathematical models of short-term plasticity effectively capture the temporal properties of transmission, paragraphs 3 and 5; Figure 11A and B
How it will be judged
Methods, Modelling the short-term plasticity, Eqs. 1 to 5; Results, same section, paragraph 3; Table 4 legend. Data, per connection the mean IPSC amplitudes (pA, M4) of the 10-AP trains at 1 to 320 Hz with the 11th AP, all frequencies fitted together. Four models, TM depressing (Eqs. 1, 5), TM depressing plus facilitating (Eqs. 1, 2, 5), UDR depressing (Eqs. 1, 3, 4, 5), UDR plus facilitation; n = 1 and p = p0 before the first spike. U0 (p0), tau_f and Imax are fitted per connection, the other parameters (tau_r, tau_e, a_e, k_e) jointly per connection type (Table 4 legend; Fig. 11C legend). Not stated, and so open, the optimizer, the error weighting and the BIC's form. Readings, (a) unweighted sum of squared errors in pA squared over all APs and connections, BIC = N ln(SSE/N) + k ln N with N the number of fitted amplitudes and k the number of free parameters; (b) the same with each connection's errors divided by its first-IPSC amplitude squared. Fits started from several initial points (a standard choice). The SSE decrease is 1 minus SSE(UDR depressing)/SSE(TM depressing), per type. Reproduced when under one reading the three decreases are within tolerance, the lowest BIC is the UDR depressing model for all three types, and adding facilitation to UDR lowers the SSE by less than 10% (the paper says "did not lead to any significant improvement" without a test; 10% is a standard choice, and the BIC of the two is shown); partially reproduced when the BIC ranking holds and the decreases lie within 10 to 50%.
fig11-model-cck-facilitation
CCK+BC to PC connections are best fitted by a Tsodyks-Markram model with depression and significant facilitation, better than the purely depressing model; use-dependent replenishment does not improve the fit, and the BIC favours the depressing-facilitating model.
The parameters of the best-fitting Tsodyks-Markram model indicated a significant degree of synaptic facilitation, and showed a better fit than the purely depressing model (Fig. 11B and C). On the other hand, allowing the replenishment of resources to be use-dependent did not lead to a better fit for these connections ... the depressing-facilitating model (without use-dependent replenishment) provided the best fit for CCK+BC to PC connections
Results, Simple mathematical models of short-term plasticity effectively capture the temporal properties of transmission, paragraphs 4 and 5; Figure 11A and B
How it will be judged
As fig11-model-pv-udr, for CCK+BC to PC connections (CCK+DTI to PC pairs were not modelled, paragraph 4). Reproduced when under one reading the lowest BIC is the TM depressing plus facilitating model and its SSE is lower than that of the TM depressing model.
table4-model-parameters
The best-fitting models give per-connection medians of U0 0.31, 0.33 and 0.26 and Imax 410, 289 and 646 pA for PV+BC to PV+BC, PV+BC to PC and AAC to PC, and for CCK+BC to PC U0 0.15, tau_f 10.9 and Imax 499 pA, with type parameters tau_r 1.08, 1.62 and 1.70 s for the three PV+ types and 71 ms for CCK+BC to PC (Table 4; the Figure 11 legend gives 12.9 s for CCK+BC to PC).
How it will be judged
Fits as fig11-model-pv-udr with the best model per type (UDR depressing for the three PV+ types; TM depressing plus facilitating for CCK+BC to PC), the model Table 4 reports (its legend). Table 4 and the Figure 11 legend agree on tau_r for the three PV+ types; for CCK+BC to PC Table 4 gives 71 ms and the legend 12.9 s, the legend listing tau_e, a_e and k_e for CCK+BC as well and so describing a fit with use-dependent replenishment. Readings for CCK+BC tau_r, (a) 71 ms in the TM depressing plus facilitating model (Table 4, judged); (b) 12.9 s (tolerance 1.29 s) in the comprehensive model (Fig. 11 legend), shown and named as a variant. Table 4 prints tau_f in ms while the Results say tau_f is larger for CCK+BC than for PV+ connections; the unit is taken as printed. Reproduced when under one reading at least 10 of the 13 values are within tolerance; partially reproduced when at least 6 are.
fig11c-parameter-differences
In the most comprehensive model the per-connection parameters differ between connection types; tau_f is larger for CCK+BC to PC than for all PV+ connections, U0 is smaller for CCK+BC to PC than for PV+BC to PV+BC and PV+BC to PC, and Imax is smaller for PV+BC to PC than for the other three types.
the values of all parameters for which cell-specific or run-specific values were fitted showed connection type-specific differences (Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA; P = 0.0021 for U0, P = 0.0012 for τf and P = 5.8 × 10-7 for Imax)
Results, Simple mathematical models of short-term plasticity effectively capture the temporal properties of transmission, paragraph 6; Figure 11C
How it will be judged
Fits of the comprehensive model (UDR with facilitation) as fig11-model-pv-udr; per connection U0, tau_f and Imax. Kruskal-Wallis across the four types, post hoc Mann-Whitney U with Bonferroni factor 6 (six pairs of four types, M6). Reproduced when under one reading the three Kruskal-Wallis tests give p < 0.05 and at least five of the six named post hoc differences hold at corrected p < 0.05 in the stated direction; partially reproduced when the Kruskal-Wallis tests hold and two to four post hoc differences do.
fig11-model-prediction
Models fitted to the 10-AP trains predict responses to RIP and EPI patterns, purely depressing UDR models for the three PV+ connection types and depressing-facilitating models for CCK+BC to PC.
We found that purely depressing models (with UDR) predicted the behaviour of PV+BC to PV+BC, PV+BCtoPCandAACtoPCsynapseswellalsofornatural activitypatterns,whereasthebehaviourofCCK+BCtoPC connections was best described by depressing-facilitating models of short-term plasticity
Results, Simple mathematical models of short-term plasticity effectively capture the temporal properties of transmission, paragraph 7; Figure 11A and B
How it will be judged
Fig. 11 legend. Models fitted as fig11-model-pv-udr on the 10-AP trains; test data the mean RIP and EPI amplitudes (M4), with only A (Imax) refitted per connection. Reproduced when under one reading the test mean squared error is lowest for a UDR depressing model (with or without facilitation) for each PV+ type and for a model with facilitation for CCK+BC to PC.
fig12-sipsc-kinetics
Spontaneous IPSCs decay faster in PV+BCs (n = 8) and AACs (n = 6) than in PCs (n = 10) and CCK+BCs (n = 9); rise time differs only between AACs and CCK+BCs, and sIPSC amplitude and frequency do not differ among cell types.
The spontaneous IPSCs onto PV+BCs (n = 8) and AACs (n = 6) decayed significantly faster compared to those measured in PCs (n = 10) and CCK+BCs (n = 9). The only difference in the 10-90% rise time value was between AACs and CCK+BCs ... We did not find significant differences in the amplitude and frequency of sIPSCs among cell types
Results, IPSCs onto interneurons are more rapid than on PCs, paragraphs 2 and 4; Figure 12
How it will be judged
sIPSCs recorded at -60 mV with high KCl, NBQX and AP-5. Event detection is not described; a standard template or threshold detection is used and named. Per cell, the averaged sIPSC, its 10 to 90% rise time and single exponential decay, the median amplitude and the mean interevent interval. Kruskal-Wallis, post hoc Mann-Whitney with Bonferroni factor 6 (M6). Reproduced when decay is shorter in PV+BC and in AAC than in PC and in CCK+BC (four comparisons, corrected p < 0.05), rise time differs only for AAC against CCK+BC, and the amplitude and interevent interval tests are not significant. Needs the sIPSC recordings, which the data set is not described as holding.
sipsc-continuum
In every cell type the sIPSCs form a continuum; PCA shows amplitude, rise and decay strongly coupled on the first component, and clustering does not divide the events into groups.
because PCA revealed a strong coupling among IPSC amplitude, rise and decay time values (strong loading on the first component, data not shown), the IPSC population could not be divided by clustering, meaning that the observed events form a continuum
Results, IPSCs onto interneurons are more rapid than on PCs, paragraph 5
How it will be judged
Events as fig12-sipsc-kinetics. Per cell type, PCA on the event amplitude, 10 to 90% rise time and decay time constant, then hierarchical clustering with Euclidean distance and Ward linkage (the paper names "multidimensional exploratory methods" and PCA only; the clustering method of its Methods, Electrophysiological characterization and clustering of cell types, is used as the nearest the paper gives). Whether features are standardized is open; readings z-scored and raw. Reproduced when under one reading amplitude, rise and decay all load on the first component with the same sign (absolute loading above 0.4, a standard choice) and no two-cluster cut gives clusters separated by more than the within-cluster spread (silhouette below 0.5, a standard choice). Needs the sIPSC recordings, which the data set is not described as holding.
decay-pc-vs-interneuron
uIPSCs from PV+BCs and CCK+BCs decay more slowly in PCs than in homologous interneurons (PV+BC, 7.31 against 3.17 ms; CCK+BC, 6.34 against 4.47 ms).
the decay time constant of uIPSCs originated from PV+BCs and CCK+BCs was significantly longer on PCs than on homologous interneuron pairs (PV+BC, 7.31 vs. 3.17 ms, Mann-Whitney U test ... P = 0.001; CCK+BC, 6.34 vs. 4.47 ms, Mann-Whitney U test ... P = 0.001)
Results, IPSCs onto interneurons are more rapid than on PCs, paragraph 3
How it will be judged
Decay as M1 on single-AP uIPSCs (M2, M3), high KCl pairs. The paper is inconsistent on the interneuron value for CCK+BCs, 4.47 ms here but 3.65 ms for CCK+BC pairs and 4.47 ms for CCK+DTI pairs in paragraph 2 of the section on uIPSCs among interneurons. Readings for the CCK+BC comparison group, (a) CCK+BC to CCK+BC pairs (the text's "homologous interneuron pairs"); (b) CCK+DTI to CCK+DTI pairs (the pairs whose median is 4.47 ms); (c) both pooled. Two-sided Mann-Whitney U test. Reproduced when under one reading both tests give p < 0.05 with PC decay longer and at least three of the four medians are within tolerance.
fig13-pvbc-pc-recovery-halftime
Transmission at PV+BC to PC synapses recovers after a RIP train with a half-time of 495.8 ms (interquartile range 343.6 to 648.0, n = 7), close to the recovery of SWR amplitude.
recovery was close to the recovery half-time of PV+BC to PC IPSCs (495.8 (343.6-648.0) ms) (Fig. 13B)
Results, Possible physiological significance of short-term plasticity in SWR generation, paragraphs 2 and 3; Figure 13B
How it will be judged
Recovery ratios per pair as fig5db-recovery (intervals 50 to 1200 ms). The fit is not given; Fig. 13B labels the value "Tau (median)" while the text calls it a half-time. Readings, (a) per pair, a single exponential r(t) = 1 - (1 - r0) exp(-t/tau) fitted to the ratios, the value being tau; (b) the same fit, the value being tau ln 2; (c) a free plateau, r(t) = rmax - (rmax - r0) exp(-t/tau), value tau; (d) as (c), value tau ln 2. Median over pairs. Tolerance, the distance to the nearer quartile (M7). Reproduced when the median is within tolerance under one reading.
fig13a-swr-refractory
Spontaneous SWRs in CA3 slices have a minimum interval of about 200 ms, and SWR amplitude recovers with the time since the previous SWR with a half-time of 501.8 ms (interquartile range 374.2 to 699.3, n = 8).
we found that there was a minimum time between SWRs, corresponding to an absolute refractory period ... Plotting the relationship between the amplitude of SWRs and the time subsequent to the previous SWR revealed that the amplitude recovered with a half-time of 501.8 (374.2-699.3) ms
Results, Possible physiological significance of short-term plasticity in SWR generation, paragraph 2; Figure 13A
How it will be judged
Local field potentials in CA3 (Methods, paragraph on field recordings). SWR detection is not described in this paper (it refers to Schlingloff et al. 2014); the detection used is named. Per slice, SWR amplitude against the interval from the previous SWR, fitted as in fig13-pvbc-pc-recovery-halftime (its four readings, with amplitude in place of the ratio); median over slices. Reproduced when under one reading the median is within tolerance and the shortest interval is 180 to 220 ms. Needs field potential recordings, which the data set is not described as holding.
fig13c-optogenetic-swr
SWRs evoked by optogenetic activation of PV+ cells grow with the time since the previous spontaneous SWR, none being evoked within 100 ms, with a recovery half-time of 451 ms (interquartile range 300.3 to 570.6, n = 4), similar to spontaneous SWRs and PV+BC to PC IPSCs.
The shorter the time, the smaller the amplitude of light-triggered SWR; at short intervals of less than 100 ms, no SWRs could be evoked. Moreover, the recovery half-time of light-evoked SWRs (451 (300.3-570.6) ms) was similar to the recovery half-time of spontaneous SWR amplitude and recovery half-time of IPSCs between PV+BC-PC pairs
Results, Possible physiological significance of short-term plasticity in SWR generation, paragraph 3; Figure 13C
How it will be judged
As fig13a-swr-refractory, with the amplitude of SWRs evoked by 10 ms light pulses against the time since the previous spontaneous SWR. The window with no evoked SWR is 100 ms in the Results and 200 ms in the Fig. 13 legend ("absence of SWRs (full refractoriness) in the 200 ms window"); both readings are run. Reproduced when the median is within tolerance under one reading and no SWR is evoked within the window under one of the two. Needs the optogenetic recordings, which the data set is not described as holding.

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